Quantum kinematics of spacetime. II. A model quantum cosmology with real clocks.
Quantum kinematics of spacetime. II. A model quantum cosmology with real clocks.
复制标题
时空的量子运动学。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hartle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hartle
研究了非相对论模型的量子宇宙学，其中基本时间变量是时钟指针的位置，薛定谔方程的时间参数是不可观测的标签。熟悉的薛定谔-海森堡量子力学出现在理想的时钟：任意长时间的任意准确。然而，更现实的是，通常的公式只是作为一个近似值出现，它适合于这个模型宇宙的状态，其中系统的一部分近似地起着理想时钟的作用。这表明，时空理论，如广义相对论的量子运动学可能类似于这个模型。特别是，我们在量子力学中熟悉的时间概念不是一般量子框架的必然属性，而是特定初始条件的近似特征。
Nonrelativistic model quantum cosmologies are studied in which the basic time variable is the position of a clock indicator and the time parameter of the Schroedinger equation is an unobservable label. Familiar Schroedinger-Heisenberg quantum mechanics emerges if the clock is ideal: arbitrarily accurate for arbitrarily long times. More realistically, however, the usual formulation emerges only as an approximation appropriate to states of this model universe in which part of the system functions approximately as an ideal clock. It is suggested that the quantum kinematics of spacetime theories such as general relativity may be analogous to those of this model. In particular it is suggested that our familiar notion of time in quantum mechanics is not an inevitable property of a general quantum framework but an approximate feature of specific initial conditions.