Analysis and Control of the DC Drift in LiNbO3-Based Mach-Zehnder Modulators
Analysis and Control of the DC Drift in LiNbO3-Based Mach-Zehnder Modulators
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DOI：
10.1109/jlt.2011.2136322
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发表时间：
2011-05-15
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Gille, Stephane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Salvestrini, Jean Paul;Guilbert, Laurent;Gille, Stephane
漂移问题引起模拟光链路中高效率或大非线性的最佳操作点的缓慢漂移，并且需要对偏移偏置电压进行复杂控制以实现数字光链路中的高消光比。讨论和分析了商用LiNbO 3马赫-曾德尔调制器中漂移的不同来源。不同的外在和内在的起源进行了比较，在相移和不同的相应的数量级给出，指出的内在（直流）漂移的主导作用。我们显示了大的作用所发挥的电不均匀性在LiNbO 3基板的表面突出的直流漂移的时间依赖性和电导率测量的表面和体积的LiNbO 3基板之间的联系。这允许提出漂移问题的解决方案，该漂移问题在于对锂酸盐基板的电导率的工程设计。
The drift issue induces slow drifting of the optimum operating point for high efficiency or large nonlinearities in analog optical links, and requires complex control of the offset bias voltage for achieving high extinction ratio in digital optical links. We discuss and analyze the different sources of the drift in commercially LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder modulators. The different extrinsic and intrinsic origins are compared in terms of phase shift and the different corresponding orders of magnitude are given, pointing out the predominant role of the intrinsic (dc) drift. We show the large role played by the electrical inhomogeneities at the surface of the LiNbO3 substrate by highlighting the link between the time dependence of the dc drift and the electrical conductivity measured at the surface and in the volume of the LiNbO3 substrate. This allows to propose a solution to the drift issue which consists in the engineering of the electrical conductivity of the lithium niobate substrate.