ON THE QUANTUM THEORY OF PYROELECTRICITY
ON THE QUANTUM THEORY OF PYROELECTRICITY
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.17.245
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发表时间：
1945-01-01
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
BORN, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BORN, M
&~这是我为这本献给玻尔教授的杂志特刊提供的。这个问题已经过时了，但直到最近才得到解决。它涉及热释电矩对温度的依赖性。Boguslawski在1914年借助于晶体的爱因斯坦模型，即一组独立的线性振子，给出了这一理论的基本理论。在第一个热膨胀理论中，这些振子被假定为非简谐的;那么振动的平均振幅关于平衡是不对称的，并且这种不对称性随着温度的增加而增加。如果振子是带电粒子，晶格的对称性足够低，以致单个振子的不对称性的影响不能抵消，则产生取决于温度T的电矩。Boguslawski发现T的函数与代表热能和热膨胀的函数相同，因此在低温下存在T '定律。阿克曼在1915年进行了仔细的实验，直到T= 23 'K。理论曲线相当好地代表了在大的温度区间上的观测结果，对于最低温度存在显著的偏差。Bogus-lawski发现T '-定律比他的理论T'-定律更符合观测结果。
&~ which I have to offer for the special issue of this journal dedicated to Professor Bohr. The problem is quite out ofdate but nevertheless it was unsolved until recently. It concerns the dependence on temperature of the pyroelectric moment. An elementary theory of this eRect was given by Boguslawski'in I914 with the help of an Einstein model of a crystal, namely, a set of independent linear oscillators. Asin the first theories of thermal expansion, these oscillators were assumed to be non-harmonic; then the mean amplitude of vibration is not symmetrical about the equilibrium, and this asymmetry increases with temperature. If the oscillators are charged particles and the crystal lattice of suAi-ciently low symmetry so that the eRects of the asymmetry of the single oscillators do not cancel, an electric moment depending on temperature T is produced. Boguslawski found the same function of T as that representing thermal energy and thermal expansion, hence for low temperatures a T'-law. Careful experiments were carried out by Ackermann'in 1915 down to T= 23'K.A discussion of his results by 8oguslaw ski showed that although. the theoretical curve represents the observations fairly well over a large interval of temperature there are marked deviations for the lowest temperatures. Bogus-lawski found that a T'-law gives much better agreement with the observations than his theoretical T'-law.