Cholecystokinin induces crowing in chickens
Cholecystokinin induces crowing in chickens
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-40746-9
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发表时间：
2019-03
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Tsuyoshi Shimmura;Mai Tamura;Shosei Ohashi;A. Sasaki;Takamichi Yamanaka;N. Nakao;K. Ihara;Shinsaku Okamura;T. Yoshimura
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作者：
Tsuyoshi Shimmura;Mai Tamura;Shosei Ohashi;A. Sasaki;Takamichi Yamanaka;N. Nakao;K. Ihara;Shinsaku Okamura;T. Yoshimura
用声音交流的动物遍布动物王国。有趣的是，与人类的发声学习相反，大多数动物可以产生物种特异性的发声模式，而无需从父母那里学习。这种现象被称为先天发声。人类发声学习和动物先天发声的潜在分子基础仍然未知。公鸡的啼叫也是先天控制的，上游中心被认为位于中脑的丘间核（ICo）。在这里，我们表明，胆囊收缩素B受体（CCKBR）是一个调节基因参与诱导公鸡啼叫。众所周知，啼叫是一种依赖睾酮（T）的行为，因此公鸡啼叫，而不是母鸡。类似地，T-施用诱导小鸡啼叫。通过使用RNA测序来比较两个对照组之间的ICo中的基因表达，无论是乌鸦还是不乌鸦，我们发现CCKBR表达在含T的组中上调。在ICo中观察到CCKBR及其配体神经递质胆囊收缩素（CCK）的表达。我们还发现，crowing是由侧脑室注射特异性CCK受体激动剂引起的。因此，我们的研究结果表明，胆囊收缩素系统诱导公鸡先天发声。
Animals that communicate using sound are found throughout the animal kingdom. Interestingly, in contrast to human vocal learning, most animals can produce species-specific patterns of vocalization without learning them from their parents. This phenomenon is called innate vocalization. The underlying molecular basis of both vocal learning in humans and innate vocalization in animals remains unknown. The crowing of a rooster is also innately controlled, and the upstream center is thought to be localized in the nucleus intercollicularis (ICo) of the midbrain. Here, we show that the cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR) is a regulatory gene involved in inducing crowing in roosters. Crowing is known to be a testosterone (T)-dependent behavior, and it follows that roosters crow but not hens. Similarly, T-administration induces chicks to crow. By using RNA-sequencing to compare gene expression in the ICo between the two comparison groups that either crow or do not crow, we found thatCCKBRexpression was upregulated in T-containing groups. The expression ofCCKBRand its ligand, cholecystokinin (CCK), a neurotransmitter, was observed in the ICo. We also showed that crowing was induced by intracerebroventricular administration of an agonist specific for CCKBR. Our findings therefore suggest that the CCK system induces innate vocalization in roosters.