Chromosome inheritance and meiotic stability in allopolyploid Brassica napus.
Chromosome inheritance and meiotic stability in allopolyploid Brassica napus.
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异源多倍体甘蓝型油菜的染色体遗传和减数分裂稳定性
DOI：
10.1093/g3journal/jkaa011
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发表时间：
2021-02-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pires JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xiong Z;Gaeta RT;Edger PP;Cao Y;Zhao K;Zhang S;Pires JC
同源重组、非整倍体和其他遗传变化在再合成的异源多倍体甘蓝中很常见。相比之下，栽培品种的染色体一直被认为是减数分裂稳定的。为了更好地了解导致异源多倍体稳定化的内在机制，可以通过对再合成和天然油菜的染色体进行明确鉴定，来比较染色体在减数分裂过程中的行为。与天然油菜相比，再合成品系表现出较高的非同源中心粒结合率、导致易位的同源重组率、同源染色体替换率以及 45S rDNA 位点的结合和断裂率。在天然和再合成的油菜中，我们观察到单价体、A-C 双价体和早期姐妹染色单体分离率都很低。在再合成的油菜基因组中，减数分裂错误在整个基因组中的分布并不均匀，尤其是在减数分裂期和减数分裂末期，全长共享同源染色体的同源染色体表现出多价遗传和多体遗传。天然的油菜似乎主要通过抑制同源配对、在减数分裂前解决非同源中心粒结合和 45S rDNA 结合以及减少同源交叉来解决减数分裂错误。
Homoeologous recombination, aneuploidy, and other genetic changes are common in resynthesized allopolyploid Brassica napus. In contrast, the chromosomes of cultivars have long been considered to be meiotically stable. To gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to stabilization in the allopolyploid, the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis can be compared by unambiguous chromosome identification between resynthesized and natural B. napus. Compared with natural B. napus, resynthesized lines show high rates of nonhomologous centromere association, homoeologous recombination leading to translocation, homoeologous chromosome replacement, and association and breakage of 45S rDNA loci. In both natural and resynthesized B. napus, we observed low rates of univalents, A–C bivalents, and early sister chromatid separations. Reciprocal homoeologous chromosome exchanges and double reductions were photographed for the first time in meiotic telophase I. Meiotic errors were non-uniformly distributed across the genome in resynthesized B. napus, and in particular homoeologs sharing synteny along their entire length exhibited multivalents at diakinesis and polysomic inheritance at telophase I. Natural B. napus appeared to resolve meiotic errors mainly by suppressing homoeologous pairing, resolving nonhomologous centromere associations and 45S rDNA associations before diakinesis, and reducing homoeologous cross-overs.
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