IMMIGRATION AND CRIME IN AN ERA OF TRANSFORMATION: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF HOMICIDES IN SAN DIEGO NEIGHBORHOODS, 1980-2000*
IMMIGRATION AND CRIME IN AN ERA OF TRANSFORMATION: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF HOMICIDES IN SAN DIEGO NEIGHBORHOODS, 1980-2000*
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1745-9125.2010.00202.x
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Lee, Matthew T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martinez, Ramiro, Jr.;Stowell, Jacob I.;Lee, Matthew T.
与“移民振兴”观点相关的新兴研究表明，移民被错误地贴上了当代社会犯罪原因的标签。事实上，在许多社区，犯罪率似乎出乎意料地低，这些社区表现出以下社会解体的经典指标：居住不稳定，种族异质性和移民。但迄今为止进行的几乎所有研究都是跨部门的，因此无法证明移民和犯罪之间的关系如何随着时间的推移而变化。这种局限性是很重要的，特别是因为当前版本的社会解体理论认为结构因素和犯罪之间的动态关系会随着时间的推移而展开。目前的研究解决了这个问题，探索移民对社区一级的杀人犯罪趋势的影响，在城市的圣地亚哥，加州，使用种族/族裔分列的杀人受害者数据和社区结构指标收集的三个十年一次的人口普查期间相结合。与振兴的论点一致，结果表明，随着时间的推移，外国出生人口的增加减少了致命的暴力。具体来说，我们发现，移民比例较大的社区有较少的总，非拉丁美洲白色，和拉丁美洲凶杀案的受害者。更广泛地说，我们的研究结果表明，在大量移民的城市，社会解体可能主要是经济剥夺的功能，而不是形式的“邻里”或“系统”的稳定。
Emerging research associated with the "immigration revitalization" perspective suggests that immigration has been labeled inaccurately as a cause of crime in contemporary society. In fact, crime seems to be unexpectedly low in many communities that exhibit high levels of the following classic indicators of social disorganization: residential instability, ethnic heterogeneity, and immigration. But virtually all research conducted to date has been cross-sectional in nature and therefore unable to demonstrate how the relationship between immigration and crime might covary over time. This limitation is significant, especially because current versions of social disorganization theory posit a dynamic relationship between structural factors and crime that unfolds over time. The current study addresses this issue by exploring the effects of immigration on neighborhood-level homicide trends in the city of San Diego, California, using a combination of racially/ethnically disaggregated homicide victim data and community structural indicators collected for three decennial census periods. Consistent with the revitalization thesis, results show that the increased size of the foreign-born population reduces lethal violence over time. Specifically, we find that neighborhoods with a larger share of immigrants have fewer total, non-Latino White, and Latino homicide victims. More broadly, our findings suggest that social disorganization in heavily immigrant cities might be largely a function of economic deprivation rather than forms of "neighborhood" or "system" stability.