The predictive validity of safety climate
The predictive validity of safety climate
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jsr.2007.07.001
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Johnson, Stephen E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, Stephen E.
问题：安全专业人员越来越多地将注意力转向社会科学，以深入了解工业事故的原因。一些研究人员已经对一种社会结构——安全氛围进行了研究[Cooper, M. D., & Phillips, R. A. (2004)。安全氛围与安全行为关系的探索性分析。安全研究杂志，35(5), 497-512； Gillen, M.、Baltz, D.、Gassel M. Kirsch, L. 和 Vacarro, D. (2002)。工会和非工会受伤建筑工人的感知安全氛围、工作需求和同事支持《安全研究杂志》，33(1), 33-51；尼尔，A. 和格里芬，文学硕士 (2002)。安全氛围和安全行为。澳大利亚管理杂志，27, 66-76；佐哈尔，D. (2000)。团体级安全氛围模型：测试团体氛围对制造工作中微事故的影响。应用心理学杂志，85(4), 587-596；佐哈尔 D. 和卢里亚 G. (2005)。安全氛围的多层次模型：组织和团体层次氛围之间的跨层次关系。应用心理学杂志，90(4), 616-628]，他们记录了其作为解释安全相关结果（例如行为、事故）变化的因素的重要性。研究人员 4 开发了用于测量安全氛围的工具，并建立了一定程度的心理测量可靠性和有效性。然而，问题在于预测有效性尚未得到牢固确立，这降低了安全氛围作为有意义的社会建构的可信度。本文描述的研究解决了这个问题，并为安全氛围作为可行的构建和安全相关结果的预测指标提供了额外的支持。方法：本研究使用重型制造组织三个地点的 292 名员工完成了包含 16 项的 Zohar 安全气候问卷 (ZSCQ) [Zohar, D., & Luria, G. (2005)。安全氛围的多层次模型：组织和团体层次氛围之间的跨层次关系。应用心理学杂志，90(4), 616-628]。此外，还收集调查后5个月的安全行为和事故经历数据，并进行统计分析（结构方程模型、验证性因素分析、探索性因素分析等），以确定相关性、关联性、内部一致性和因子结构。结果：结果显示，ZSCQ：(a) 在心理测量上可靠且有效，(b) 可作为安全相关结果（行为和事故经历）的有效预测指标，(c) 可以缩减为 11 项调查，而解释力几乎没有损失。对行业的影响：从业者和研究人员可以在合理确定问卷的可靠性和有效性的情况下使用 ZSCQ。这为制定有意义的组织干预措施和/或继续研究影响工业事故经历的社会因素奠定了坚实的基础。 (c) 2007 年国家安全委员会和 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Problem: Safety professionals have increasingly turned their attention to social science for insight into the causation of industrial accidents. One social construct, safety climate, has been examined by several researchers [Cooper, M. D., & Phillips, R. A. (2004). Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behavior relationship. Journal of Safety Research, 35(5), 497-512; Gillen, M., Baltz, D., Gassel M. Kirsch, L., & Vacarro, D. (2002). Perceived safety climate, job Demands, and coworker support among union and nonunion injured construction workers Journal of Safety Research, 33(1), 33-51; Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2002). Safety climate and safety behaviour. Australian Journal of Management, 27, 66-76; Zohar, D. (2000). A group-level model of safety climate: Testing the effect of group climate on microaccidents in manufacturing jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(4), 587-596; Zohar, D., & Luria, G. (2005). A multilevel model of safety climate: Cross-level relationships between organization and group-level climates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 616-628] who have documented its importance as a factor explaining the variation of safety-related outcomes (e.g., behavior, accidents). Researchers,4 have developed instruments for measuring safety climate and have established some degree of psychometric reliability and validity. The problem, however, is that predictive validity has not been firmly established, which reduces the credibility of safety climate as a meaningful social construct. The research described in this article addresses this problem and provides additional support for safety climate as a viable construct and as a predictive indicator of safety-related outcomes. Methods: This study used 292 employees at three locations of a heavy manufacturing organization to complete the 16 item Zohar Safety Climate Questionnaire (ZSCQ) [Zohar, D., & Luria, G. (2005). A multilevel model of safety climate: Cross-level relationships between organization and group-level climates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 616-628]. In addition, safety behavior and accident experience data were collected for 5 months following the survey and were statistically analyzed (structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, etc.) to identify correlations, associations, internal consistency, and factorial structures. Results: Results revealed that the ZSCQ: (a) was psychometrically reliable and valid, (b) served as an effective predictor of safety-related outcomes (behavior and accident experience), and (c) could be trimmed to an 11 item survey with little loss of explanatory power. Impact on Industry: Practitioners and researchers can use the ZSCQ with reasonable certainty of the questionnaire's reliability and validity. This provides a solid foundation for the development of meaningful organizational interventions and/or continued research into social factors affecting industrial accident experience. (c) 2007 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.