The effect of rice straw mulch on evapotranspiration, transpiration and soil evaporation of irrigated wheat in Punjab, India
The effect of rice straw mulch on evapotranspiration, transpiration and soil evaporation of irrigated wheat in Punjab, India
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agwat.2011.07.002
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Kukal, S. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balwinder-Singh;Eberbach, P. L.;Kukal, S. S.
土壤蒸发（Es）被认为是蒸散发（ET）的非生产性成分。因此，适度Es的措施可能会影响蒸腾可用水量(T)，这是蒸散发的生产成分。2006-2007年和2007-2008年，在印度旁遮普省的一个clay -壤土上进行了稻田秸秆覆盖对灌溉小麦水分平衡成分影响的田间试验。每日蒸散量是用小型蒸散仪测量的，总季节蒸散量是水平衡方程中缺失的项。在相对多雨年和少雨年，覆盖使作物生长季总Es分别降低35和40 mm。这些“节约的水”大部分被划分为T，在高降雨年和低降雨年分别增加了30和37毫米。结果表明，覆盖对土壤总蒸散量没有影响。在这两个年份，覆盖均有提高生物量和粮食产量的趋势，但只有2006-2007年差异显著。2006-2007年蒸腾效率为18.8 ~ 19.1 kg ha(-1) mm(-1)， 2007-2008年蒸腾效率为14.6 ~ 16.4 kg ha(-1) mm（-1）。尽管有地膜覆盖的小麦倾向于降低TE，但这只在2007-2008年显著。结果表明，虽然覆盖灌溉良好的小麦减少了Es，但它并没有“节约”水，因为作物通过增加土地减少TE来补偿。(C) 2011 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Soil evaporation (Es) is considered to be a non-productive component of evapotranspiration (ET). So, measures which moderate Es may influence the amount of water available for transpiration (T), the productive component of ET. Field experiments investigating the effects of rice straw mulch on components of the water balance of irrigated wheat were conducted during 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 in Punjab, India, on a clay loam soil. Daily Es was measured using mini-lysimeters, and total seasonal ET was estimated as the missing term in the water balance equation. Mulch lowered total Es over the crop growth season by 35 and 40 mm in relatively high and low rainfall years, respectively. Much of this "saved water" was partitioned into T, which increased by 30 and 37 mm in the high and low rainfall years, respectively. As a result, total ET was not affected by mulch in either year. In both years, there was a trend for higher biomass production and grain yield with mulch, but with significant differences only in 2006-2007. Transpiration efficiency (TE) with respect to grain yield was 18.8-19.1 kg ha(-1) mm(-1) in 2006-2007, and 14.6-16.4 kg ha(-1) mm(-1) in 2007-2008. While wheat grown in the presence of mulch tended to lower TE, this was only significant in 2007-2008. The results suggest that while mulching of well-irrigated wheat reduces Es, it does not "save" water because the crop compensates by increased land reduced TE. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.