Development of a CNS-permeable reactivator for nerve agent exposure: an iterative, multi-disciplinary approach.

Development of a CNS-permeable reactivator for nerve agent exposure: an iterative, multi-disciplinary approach.
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开发CNS可渗透的神经毒剂再活化剂:迭代的多学科方法。

DOI:
10.1038/s41598-021-94963-2
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发表时间:
2021-07-30
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Valdez CA
Valdez CA
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bennion BJ;Malfatti MA;Be NA;Enright HA;Hok S;Cadieux CL;Carpenter TS;Lao V;Kuhn EA;McNerney MW;Lightstone FC;Nguyen TH;Valdez CA

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近年来,神经毒剂卷土重来,在叙利亚的袭击(2012年)、英国的谢尔盖和尤利娅·斯克里帕尔中毒(2018年)以及俄罗斯的阿列克谢·纳瓦尔尼(2020年)期间针对平民目标使用神经毒剂,有力地重申了开发针对这些致命物质的解毒剂的重要性。目前针对其影响的标准治疗依赖于使用基于小分子的肟类药物,这种药物可以有效地恢复乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的活性。尽管2-磷定(2-PAM)等药物在激活AChE方面有效,但其作用主要局限于外周神经系统(PNS),因此对中枢神经系统(CNS)没有明显的保护作用。中枢神经系统缺乏作用源于它们的离子性质,一方面使它们成为非常强大的复活剂,另一方面使它们在跨越血脑屏障(BBB)到达中枢神经系统时无效。在这份报告中,我们描述了一种迭代方法的使用,该方法由平行的化学合成和电子合成、计算模型和一系列详细的体外和体内测试组成,最终确定了一种有前途的、新型的中枢神经系统通透性肟类复活剂。确定急性和慢性毒性的其他实验正在进行中。
Nerve agents have experienced a resurgence in recent times with their use against civilian targets during the attacks in Syria (2012), the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal in the United Kingdom (2018) and Alexei Navalny in Russia (2020), strongly renewing the importance of antidote development against these lethal substances. The current standard treatment against their effects relies on the use of small molecule-based oximes that can efficiently restore acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Despite their efficacy in reactivating AChE, the action of drugs like 2-pralidoxime (2-PAM) is primarily limited to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and, thus, provides no significant protection to the central nervous system (CNS). This lack of action in the CNS stems from their ionic nature that, on one end makes them very powerful reactivators and on the other renders them ineffective at crossing the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) to reach the CNS. In this report, we describe the use of an iterative approach composed of parallel chemical and in silico syntheses, computational modeling, and a battery of detailed in vitro and in vivo assays that resulted in the identification of a promising, novel CNS-permeable oxime reactivator. Additional experiments to determine acute and chronic toxicity are ongoing.
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