Stereotype threat undermines intellectual performance by triggering a disruptive mental load
Stereotype threat undermines intellectual performance by triggering a disruptive mental load
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DOI：
10.1177/0146167204263961
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Méot, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Croizet, JC;Després, G;Méot, A
关于刻板印象威胁的研究一再表明，社会群体的智力表现对通常进行测试的情境背景特别敏感。在本实验中，采用瑞文高级推理测验作为认知能力的衡量标准。结果显示，被认为智力低下的人在测试中的得分低于其他人。然而，当相同的测试不作为认知能力的测量时，目标组和控制组之间的成就差距消失了。使用心率变异性指数来评估心理负荷，我们的研究结果表明，情景显著性是一种较低能力的声誉，通过触发破坏性的心理负荷来破坏智力表现。我们的研究结果表明，认知能力得分的群体差异可以反映不同的情境负担，而不一定是认知能力的实际差异。
Research on stereotype threat has repeatedly demonstrated that the intellectual performance of social groups is particularly sensitive to the situational context in which tests are usually administered. In the present experiment, an adaptation of the Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices Test was introduced as a measure of cognitive ability. Results showed that individuals targeted by a reputation of intellectual inferiority scored lower on the test than did other people. However, when the identical test was not Presented as a measure of cognitive ability, the achievement gap between the target and the control group disappeared. Using heart rate variability indices to assess mental workload, our findings showed that the situational salience a a reputation of lower ability undermined intellectual performance by triggering a disruptive mental load. Our results indicate that group differences in cognitive ability scores can reflect different situational burdens and not necessarily actual differences in cognitive ability.