Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on declarative and procedural memory
Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on declarative and procedural memory
复制标题
DOI：
10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.534
复制
发表时间：
1997-07-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Born, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Plihal, W;Born, J
对配对关联表(陈述性记忆)和镜像追踪技能(程序性记忆)的回忆在确定了夜间睡眠早、晚的保留间隔后进行评估。此外，还比较了睡眠对回忆的影响，以及早期和晚期充满清醒的记忆间隔。受试者为20名健康男性。在保留间隔前后测定唾液皮质醇浓度，以确定垂体-肾上腺分泌活动。睡眠由睡眠地形图决定。与相应的清醒保持间隔的效果相比，睡眠通常会增强记忆。睡眠对回忆的好处取决于睡眠的阶段和记忆的类型：在早睡时，配对联想列表的回忆能力提高得更多，而在晚睡时，镜像追踪技能的回忆能力提高得更多。这种影响可能反映了慢波睡眠和快速眼动睡眠对睡眠的不同影响，因为慢波睡眠的时间在早睡时是晚睡时的5倍，而快眼动睡眠在晚睡时是早睡时的两倍(p<；0.005)。皮质醇浓度的变化不能解释睡眠对记忆的影响，皮质醇浓度的变化与睡眠和清醒无关，在早期保持时间段比晚保持时间段要低。这些实验首次分离了早睡和晚睡对人类两种主要记忆类型--陈述性记忆和程序性记忆--的具体影响。
Recall of paired-associate lists (declarative memory) and mirror-tracing skills (procedural memory) was assessed after retention intervals defined over early and late nocturnal sleep. In addition, effects of sleep on recall were compared with those of early and late retention intervals filled with wakefulness. Twenty healthy men served as subjects. Saliva cortisol concentrations were determined before and after the retention intervals to determine pituitary-adrenal secretory activity. Sleep was determined somnopolgraphically. Sleep generally enhanced recall when compared with the effects of corresponding retention intervals of wakefulness. The benefit from sleep on recall depended on the phase of sleep and on the type of memory: Recall of paired-associate lists improved more during early sleep and recall of mirror-tracing skills improved more during late sleep. The effects may reflect different influences of slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep since time in SWS was 5 times longer during the early than late sleep retention interval, and time in REM sleep was twice as long during late than early sleep (p < 0.005). Changes in cortisol concentrations, which independently of sleep and wakefulness were lower during early retention intervals than late ones, cannot account for the effects of sleep on memory. The experiments for the first time dissociate specific effects of early and late sleep on two principal types of memory, declarative and procedural, in humans.