Neurogenesis and its implications for regeneration in the adult brain
Neurogenesis and its implications for regeneration in the adult brain
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DOI：
10.1080/16501960310010098
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发表时间：
2003-05-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Eriksson, PS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eriksson, PS
关于成人大脑再生潜力的最新发现表明，其可塑性比之前认为的更为明显。其中一项发现是成人大脑中新神经元的生成（神经发生）。长期以来，神经元的丧失一直被认为在成人大脑中是不可逆转的，即死亡的神经元不会被替换。无法产生替代细胞被认为是神经系统疾病和损伤的重要原因。在大多数大脑区域中，神经元的产生通常局限于离散的发育时期。最近在大脑的几个区域中描述了异常现象，这些区域已被证明可以在出生后和成年时期产生新的神经元。最具有特征的区域之一是大脑齿状回的颗粒下区，其中颗粒神经元在整个生命过程中由祖细胞/干细胞群产生。此外，最近的研究结果表明，神经发生可能对记忆功能和情绪障碍很重要。在这些发现的基础上，可以提出几个非常重要的问题，例如，哪些因素影响新神经元的生成，以及增强的神经发生是否有可能有助于功能恢复。
Recent findings concerning the regenerative potential of the adult brain suggest a more pronounced plasticity than previously thought. One such finding is the generation of new neurons in the adult brain (neurogenesis). Loss of neurons has long been considered to be irreversible in the adult human brain, i.e., dead neurons are not replaced. The inability to generate replacement cells is thought to be an important cause of neurological disease and impairment. In most brain regions, the generation of neurons is generally confined to a discrete developmental period. Exceptions have recently been described in several regions of the brain that have been shown to generate new neurons well into the postnatal and adult period. One of the best characterized regions is the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the brain, where granule neurons are generated throughout life from a population of progenitor/stem cells. Furthermore, recent findings suggest that neurogenesis may be of importance for memory function as well as mood disorders. Several very important questions can be formulated on the basis of these discoveries, for instance, what factors influence the generation of new neurons and whether it is possible for enhanced neurogenesis to contribute to functional recovery.