The Microbiology of Metal Mine Waste: Bioremediation Applications and Implications for Planetary Health.
The Microbiology of Metal Mine Waste: Bioremediation Applications and Implications for Planetary Health.
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DOI：
10.1029/2020gh000380
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Falagán C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newsome L;Falagán C
矿山废物以有毒浓度的金属和准金属污染环境，对人类和野生动物造成问题。微生物在矿山废物中定植和栖息，可通过代谢活动、生物地球化学循环和解毒机制影响金属的环境流动性。在这篇文章中，我们审查了最常见的金属和类金属与矿山废物：砷，镉，铬，铜，铅，汞，镍和锌的微生物学。我们讨论了细菌，古生菌和真菌与污染金属相互作用的分子机制以及环境中金属命运的后果，重点关注可能的金属影响矿山废物的长期实地研究。由于微生物需要消耗能量来维持和修复细胞，金属污染会降低土壤功能和必需元素循环的效率。然而，微生物群落能够耐受和适应金属污染，特别是当污染物金属是受体内平衡或具有接近生物化学类似物的必需元素时。刺激微生物减少条件的发展，例如在人工湿地中，有利于补救与矿山废物有关的许多金属。它已被证明是有效的低pH值，环中性和高pH值条件下，在实验室和中试规模的领域。需要在全领域范围内进一步展示这项技术，以及更多的研究来优化生物修复和调查联合修复策略。微生物活动有可能减轻金属矿废物的影响，从而减少这种污染对地球健康的影响。微生物在矿山废物中定植和栖息，它们耐受高浓度的金属，有助于土壤功能和植物生长微生物通过新陈代谢、生物地球化学循环和金属抗性机制改变金属形态和环境流动性可以刺激有益的微生物活性来修复含金属的矿山废物，但需要进行更长期的实地研究。
Mine wastes pollute the environment with metals and metalloids in toxic concentrations, causing problems for humans and wildlife. Microorganisms colonize and inhabit mine wastes, and can influence the environmental mobility of metals through metabolic activity, biogeochemical cycling and detoxification mechanisms. In this article we review the microbiology of the metals and metalloids most commonly associated with mine wastes: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel and zinc. We discuss the molecular mechanisms by which bacteria, archaea, and fungi interact with contaminant metals and the consequences for metal fate in the environment, focusing on long‐term field studies of metal‐impacted mine wastes where possible. Metal contamination can decrease the efficiency of soil functioning and essential element cycling due to the need for microbes to expend energy to maintain and repair cells. However, microbial communities are able to tolerate and adapt to metal contamination, particularly when the contaminant metals are essential elements that are subject to homeostasis or have a close biochemical analog. Stimulating the development of microbially reducing conditions, for example in constructed wetlands, is beneficial for remediating many metals associated with mine wastes. It has been shown to be effective at low pH, circumneutral and high pH conditions in the laboratory and at pilot field‐scale. Further demonstration of this technology at full field‐scale is required, as is more research to optimize bioremediation and to investigate combined remediation strategies. Microbial activity has the potential to mitigate the impacts of metal mine wastes, and therefore lessen the impact of this pollution on planetary health. Microbes colonize and inhabit mine wastes, they tolerate high concentrations of metals and contribute to soil functioning and plant growth Microbes transform metal speciation and environmental mobility, through metabolism, biogeochemical cycling and metal resistance mechanisms Beneficial microbial activity can be stimulated to remediate metal‐containing mine wastes, but more long‐term field studies are required