Emerging Research on Equol and Cancer
Emerging Research on Equol and Cancer
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DOI：
10.3945/jn.109.118323
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Lampe, Johanna W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lampe, Johanna W.
使用体外研究描述的雌马酚的作用机制表明，该化合物可能与癌症风险有关。然而，缺乏关于S-（-）-雌马酚（大豆苷元的肠道细菌产物）、外消旋雌马酚或甚至大豆苷元对体内肿瘤发生的影响的实验数据。在啮齿动物中使用外消旋雌马酚或大豆苷元对雌马酚产生动物进行的研究表明，雌马酚暴露不会刺激乳腺肿瘤生长，但几乎没有证据表明它具有保护作用。外消旋雌马酚已被证明可以抑制无毛小鼠的皮肤致癌作用。关于女性尿液或血浆中雌马酚浓度与乳腺癌风险之间关联的流行病学研究报告称，在低大豆消费人群中，雌马酚水平升高与乳腺癌风险无关，也没有增加相关风险，但报告称亚洲人群中，随着雌马酚水平升高，乳腺癌风险呈下降趋势。前列腺癌也报告了这些基于人群的差异。在亚洲男性中的几项研究报告，与对照组相比，前列腺癌男性中雌马酚浓度较低或雌马酚产生者的患病率较低，而在欧洲人群中的研究报告没有相关性。使用人类癌症风险和易感性的中间生物标志物的研究也检查了雌马酚生产者表型与大豆摄入量的关系，结果各不相同。总的来说，雌马酚在癌症中的作用仍不清楚。随着R-和S-雌马酚的可用性，致癌作用的动物研究和人类干预研究解决了雌马酚对映体对中间生物标志物的影响，可能有助于确定雌马酚在癌症风险中的作用。J.营养140：1369S-1372S，2010.
Mechanisms of action of equol described using in vitro studies suggest possible effects of this compound in relation to cancer risk. However, experimental data are lacking with regard to the effects of S-(-)-equol (a gut bacterial product of daidzein), racemic equol, or even daidzein on tumorigenesis in vivo. Rodent studies, using racemic equol or daidzein in equol-producing animals, suggest that equol exposure does not stimulate mammary tumor growth, but there is little evidence that it is protective either. Racemic equol has been shown to inhibit skin carcinogenesis in hairless mice. Epidemiologic studies of associations between urinary or plasma isoflavone concentrations and breast cancer risk in women have reported no association nor increased risk associated with higher equol measures in low-soy consuming populations but have reported a trend toward decreased cancer risk with increased equol in Asian populations. These population-based differences have been reported for prostate cancer too. Several studies in Asian men report lower equol concentrations or a lower prevalence of equol-producers among men with prostate cancer compared with controls, whereas studies in European populations report no association. Studies using intermediate biomarkers of cancer risk and susceptibility in humans also have examined the effects the equol-producer phenotype in relation to soy intake with varying results. Overall, the role of equol in relation to cancer remains unclear. With the availability of R- and S-equol, animal studies of carcinogenesis and human intervention studies addressing effects of the equol enantiomers on intermediate biomarkers may help to ascertain the role of equol in cancer risk. J. Nutr. 140: 1369S-1372S, 2010.