Symmetric Bloch oscillations of matter waves
Symmetric Bloch oscillations of matter waves
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DOI：
10.1103/physreva.102.053312
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发表时间：
2020-11-13
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Mueller, Holger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pagel, Zachary;Zhong, Weicheng;Mueller, Holger
光学晶格中的冷原子为研究Bloch振荡提供了理想的平台。在这里，我们将Bloch振荡推广到两个相互加速的叠加光学晶格，并证明了这些对称的Bloch振荡可以相干地分裂、反射和重组物质波。利用哈密顿量的动量宇称对称性，我们绘出了该过程的能带结构，并证明了动量态的叠加是通过绝热地跟随哈密顿量的基态而产生的。这两个晶格的相对相位和速度完全决定了物质波不同分支的轨迹。在实验上，我们使用冷铯原子演示了对称的Bloch振荡，我们在树皮动量分裂上形成了高达240(H)的干涉仪，这是迄今为止实现的最大的相干动量分裂之一。这项工作在量子力学的宏观测试、基本常量的测量和新物理的探索中都有应用。
Cold atoms in an optical lattice provide an ideal platform for studying Bloch oscillations. Here we extend Bloch oscillations to two superposed optical lattices that are accelerated away from one another, and show that these symmetric Bloch oscillations can split, reflect, and recombine matter waves coherently. Using the momentum parity symmetry of the Hamiltonian, we map out the energy band structure of the process and show that superpositions of momentum states are created by adiabatically following the ground state of the Hamiltonian. The relative phase and velocity of the two lattices completely determines the trajectories of different branches of the matter wave. Experimentally we demonstrate symmetric Bloch oscillations using cold cesium atoms where we form interferometers with up to 240 (h) over bark momentum splitting, one of the largest coherent momentum splittings achieved to date. This work has applications in macroscopic tests of quantum mechanics, measurements of fundamental constants, and searches for new physics.