Neighborhood racial composition, neighborhood poverty, and the spatial accessibility of supermarkets in metropolitan Detroit
Neighborhood racial composition, neighborhood poverty, and the spatial accessibility of supermarkets in metropolitan Detroit
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2004.042150
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发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Wilson, ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zenk, SN;Schulz, AJ;Wilson, ML
目标.我们评估了大型连锁超市的空间可达性与社区种族组成和贫困的关系。我们使用地理信息系统来测量曼哈顿街区到底特律大都市869个社区（人口普查区）最近超市的距离。我们构建了移动平均空间回归模型，以调整空间自相关性，并测试修改的影响，非洲裔美国人的百分比和百分比穷人的距离最近的超市。无论种族构成如何，在最不贫困的社区中，到最近的超市的距离是相似的。然而，在最贫困的社区中，非洲裔美国人居住的社区平均比白色社区离最近的超市远1.1英里。种族居住隔离不成比例地将非洲裔美国人安置在底特律更贫困的社区，从而减少了进入超市的机会。然而，超市已经开业或保持开放接近中等收入社区，已经从白色过渡到非洲裔美国人。经济上处于不利地位的非洲裔美国人社区的发展是至关重要的，以有效地防止这一人口中与饮食有关的疾病。
Objectives. We evaluated the spatial accessibility of large "chain" supermarkets in relation to neighborhood racial composition and poverty.Methods. We used a geographic information system to measure Manhattan block distance to the nearest supermarket for 869 neighborhoods (census tracts) in metropolitan Detroit. We constructed moving average spatial regression models to adjust for spatial autocorrelation and to test for the effect of modification of percentage African American and percentage poor on distance to the nearest supermarket.Results. Distance to the nearest supermarket was similar among the least impoverished neighborhoods, regardless of racial composition. Among the most impoverished neighborhoods, however, neighborhoods in which African Americans resided were, on average, 1.1 miles further from the nearest supermarket than were White neighborhoods.Conclusions. Racial residential segregation disproportionately places African Americans in more-impoverished neighborhoods in Detroit and consequently reduces access to supermarkets. However, supermarkets have opened or remained open close to middle-income neighborhoods that have transitioned from White to African American. Development of economically disadvantaged African American neighborhoods is critical to effectively prevent diet-related diseases among this population.