Effect of Sulfadiazine-Contaminated Pig Manure on the Abundances of Genes and Transcripts Involved in Nitrogen Transformation in the Root-Rhizosphere Complexes of Maize and Clover
Effect of Sulfadiazine-Contaminated Pig Manure on the Abundances of Genes and Transcripts Involved in Nitrogen Transformation in the Root-Rhizosphere Complexes of Maize and Clover
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.01252-10
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发表时间：
2010-10
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Julien F. Ollivier;K. Kleineidam;Rüdiger Reichel;S. Thiele-Bruhn;Anja Kotzerke;R. Kindler;B. Wilke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Julien F. Ollivier;K. Kleineidam;Rüdiger Reichel;S. Thiele-Bruhn;Anja Kotzerke;R. Kindler;B. Wilke
抗生素磺胺嘧啶（SDZ）可通过施用驱虫动物粪便进入环境。由于抗生素是明确针对微生物设计的，它们可能会影响土壤生态系统中的微生物，损害重要的土壤功能并干扰养分循环过程。在温室试验中，研究了磺胺嘧啶污染的猪粪对玉米（Zea mays）和三叶草（Trifolium alexandrinum）根际复合体（RRCs）中氮循环关键过程中功能微生物群落的影响。在基因和转录水平上，我们使用nifH，amoA（在氨氧化细菌和古细菌中），nirK，nirS和nosZ作为固氮，硝化和反硝化的分子标记进行实时PCR。在施用后10、20和30天进行取样。SDZ影响所有研究的基因在RRCs的两种植物物种（具有更强的影响，在RRC的三叶草）20和30天后，添加的丰度模式。令人惊讶的是，对转录物水平的影响不太明显，这可能表明所研究的官能团的一部分对SDZ具有耐受性或抗性，或者如在nifH和三叶草的情况下，受到根瘤的保护。
ABSTRACT The antibiotic sulfadiazine (SDZ) can enter the environment by application of manure from antibiotic-treated animals to arable soil. Because antibiotics are explicitly designed to target microorganisms, they likely affect microbes in the soil ecosystem, compromising important soil functions and disturbing processes in nutrient cycles. In a greenhouse experiment, we investigated the impact of sulfadiazine-contaminated pig manure on functional microbial communities involved in key processes of the nitrogen cycle in the root-rhizosphere complexes (RRCs) of maize (Zea mays) and clover (Trifolium alexandrinum). At both the gene and transcript level, we performed real-time PCR using nifH, amoA (in both ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea), nirK, nirS, and nosZ as molecular markers for nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification. Sampling was performed 10, 20, and 30 days after the application. SDZ affected the abundance pattern of all investigated genes in the RRCs of both plant species (with stronger effects in the RRC of clover) 20 and 30 days after the addition. Surprisingly, effects on the transcript level were less pronounced, which might indicate that parts of the investigated functional groups were tolerant or resistant against SDZ or, as in the case of nifH and clover, have been protected by the nodules.