Music: Where Cognition and Emotion Meet
Music: Where Cognition and Emotion Meet
复制标题
音乐：认知与情感相遇的地方
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Sloboda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Sloboda
音乐给研究人员带来了一个关于技能及其习得的谜题。一方面，人们热爱音乐，并且花费了大量的时间和精力去阻碍他们自己。另一方面，当代西方社会中绝大多数人的音乐技能水平令人惊讶地低。从表面上看，音乐具有所有的特征，人们可以预测，许多人应该对音乐非常熟练。研究技能及其习得的悠久传统(参看。Ericsson&Smith，1991；Ericssson，1996)认为，结构加上动机，再加上练习，才能产生技能。在回顾这四个方面时，我将首先提供证据，证明大多数音乐都具有人类思维容易学习和理解的那种结构。第二，我将回顾与动机有关的证据，以及许多人对音乐投入的高度重视。第三，我将回顾实践活动的水平和性质与音乐成就之间密切联系的证据。第四，更具推测性的是，我将概述一些音乐成就的潜在抑制因素，试图提出假设，说明为什么在这样一个表面上有利的环境下，音乐成就领域的人口结果如此糟糕。这些抑制因素虽然有个别的心理后果，但根植于更广泛的社会和文化现象。
Music presents a puzzle for researchers into skill and its acquisition. On the one hand, people love music and devote much time and effort to putting themselves in the way of it. On the other hand the levels of musical skill achieved by the vast majority of people in contemporary western society are surprisingly low. On the face of it, music has all the characteristics which would lead one to predict that many people should be highly skilled at it. A long tradition of research into skill and its acquisition (cf. Ericsson & Smith, 1991; Ericssson, 1996) suggests that structure plus motivation plus practice leads to skill. In reviewing these four aspects I will first provide evidence that most music has the kind of structure which is easily learned and understood by the human mind. Second I will review evidence relating to motivation, and the very high value which many individuals place on their engagement with music. Third I will review evidence of the intimate link between level and nature of practice activities and achievement in music. Fourthly, and more speculatively, I will outline some potential inhibitors to musical achievement, in an attempt to formulate hypotheses about why, given such an apparently propitious set of circumstances, population outcomes in the area of music achievement are so dire. These inhibitors, whilst having individual psychological consequences, are rooted in wider social and cultural phenomena.