Developing Professional Expertise with a Cognitive Apprenticeship Model: Examples from Avionics and Medicine
Developing Professional Expertise with a Cognitive Apprenticeship Model: Examples from Avionics and Medicine
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511609817.004
复制
发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lajoie, Susanne P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lajoie, Susanne P.
Nichols，Pokorny，Jones，& Gott，et al.，印刷中）。对夏洛克的分析将从“什么起作用了”或“吸取的教训”方面提供。这些方法的应用和这些技术的扩展也提供了另一个领域，医疗问题解决（Lajoie，2007）。这些调整至少是一个例子，可以导致在其他领域的评估创新的方法的普遍性。本章讨论两个领域的专业能力，航空电子故障排除和医疗问题的解决。鉴于跨领域专家中已确定了共同的熟练程度维度（Chi、Glaser和Farr，1988），人们预计专业熟练程度将反映这些相同的专业知识维度。检查特定背景下的能力或熟练程度是制定思维模型的第一步，该模型可以帮助能力较差的人在特定领域变得更加熟练（Pellegrino、Chudowsky和Glaser，2001年）。评估专业背景下的专业能力是为有关专业创造有效学习环境的先决条件。理论和方法，用于支持识别的认知能力有关的一个特定的专业任务，沿着的机制，动态评估学习者的优势和劣势的背景下，特定领域的问题解决。该机制嵌入在基于计算机的学习环境的设计中，以支持在真实环境中整合教学和评估。此外，本章还讨论了认知学徒模式如何用于支持航空电子设备故障排除和医疗问题解决方面的教学和评估。
Nichols, Pokorny, Jones, & Gott, et al., in press). An analysis of Sherlock will be provided in terms of “what worked” or “lessons learned.” Applications of these methods and extensions to these techniques are also provided for another domain, medical problem solving (Lajoie, 2007). The adaptations are at least one example of generalizability of methodology that can lead to innovations in assessment in other domains.This chapter addresses professional competence in two domains, avionics troubleshooting and medical problem solving. Given that common proficiency dimensions have been identified in experts across domains (Chi, Glaser, & Farr, 1988), one would anticipate that professional proficiency would reflect these same dimensions of expertise. Examining competence or proficiency within a specific context is the first step in elaborating a model of thinking that can help the less competent become more proficient in a specific domain (Pellegrino, Chudowsky, & Glaser, 2001). Assessing professional competence within specialized contexts is a precursor to creating effective learning environments for the profession in question. Theories and methods used to support the identification of the cognitive competencies pertaining to a specific professional task are described, along with a mechanism for dynamically assessing the learners’ strengths and weaknesses in the context of domain-specific problem solving. The mechanism is embedded in the design of computer-based learning environments to support the integration of instruction and assessment in authentic contexts. Additionally, this chapter discusses how cognitive apprenticeship models can be used to support instruction and assessment in avionics troubleshooting and medical problem solving.