Masculine and Feminine Traits on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, 1993-2012: a Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis
Masculine and Feminine Traits on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, 1993-2012: a Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis
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DOI：
10.1007/s11199-016-0625-y
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发表时间：
2017-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Twenge, Jean M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donnelly, Kristin;Twenge, Jean M.
Bem性别角色问卷(BSRI)是桑德拉·贝姆对女权主义心理学最显著的贡献之一，它衡量了一个人对传统男性和女性特质的认同感。在对美国大学生在BSRI(34个样本，N=8,027)上的分数进行的跨时间元分析中，我们考察了自20世纪90年代初以来Bem男性气质(M)和女性气质(F)量表的评分变化。其他分析使用了以前的荟萃分析(Twenge1997)中收集的数据，以记录自1974年BSRI成立以来的变化。我们的结果显示，在1993至2012年间，女性的女性气质得分显著下降(d=-.26)，而她们的男性气质保持稳定。对于男性，没有观察到明显的变化。对1974年至2012年(94个样本，N=24,801)数据的扩展分析发现，女性的M显著上升(d=.23)，而女性的F、男性的M和男性的F没有变化。女性的双性同体得分自1974年以来显著增加，但自1993年以来就没有显著增加。在这两个时期，男性的雌雄同体保持不变。我们的发现表明，自20世纪90年代以来，美国大学女生不太可能支持女性特质作为自我代表，这可能揭示了传统女性气质的贬值。然而，量表项目也有可能与现代的性别陈规定型观念不符。未来的研究可能需要更新BSRI，以反映当前的性别概念。
The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) is one of Sandra Bem's most notable contributions to feminist psychology, measuring an individual's identification with traditionally masculine and feminine qualities. In a cross-temporal meta-analysis of U.S. college students' scores on the BSRI (34 samples, N = 8,027), we examined changes in ratings on the Bem masculinity (M) and femininity (F) scales since the early 1990s. Additional analyses used data collected in a previous meta-analysis (Twenge 1997) to document changes since the BSRI's inception in 1974. Our results reveal that women's femininity scores have decreased significantly (d = -.26) between 1993 and 2012, whereas their masculinity remained stable. No significant changes were observed for men. Expanded analyses of data from 1974 to 2012 (94 samples, N = 24,801) found that women's M rose significantly (d = .23), with no changes in women's F, men's M, and men's F. Women's androgyny scores showed a significant increase since 1974, but not since 1993. Men's androgyny remained the same in both time periods. Our findings suggest that since the 1990s, U.S. college women have become less likely to endorse feminine traits as self-representative, potentially revealing a devaluation of traditional femininity. However, it is also possible that the scale items do not match modern gender stereotypes. Future research may need to update the BSRI to reflect current conceptions of gender.