Extraplanar H ii Regions in Spiral Galaxies. I. Low-metallicity Gas Accreting through the Disk-halo Interface of NGC 4013
Extraplanar H ii Regions in Spiral Galaxies. I. Low-metallicity Gas Accreting through the Disk-halo Interface of NGC 4013
复制标题
螺旋星系中的位面外 H ii 区域。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Savage
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Howk;Katherine Rueff;N. Lehner;Christopher B. Wotta;K. Croxall;B. Savage
The interstellar thick disks of galaxies serve as the interface between the thin star-forming disk, where feedback-driven outflows originate, and the distant halo, the repository for accreted gas. We present optical emission line spectroscopy of a luminous, thick disk H ii region located at z = 860 pc above the plane of the spiral galaxy NGC 4013 taken with the Multi-Object Double Spectrograph on the Large Binocular Telescope. This nebula, with an Hα luminosity ∼4–7 times that of the Orion nebula, surrounds a luminous cluster of young, hot stars that ionize the surrounding interstellar gas of the thick disk, providing a measure of the properties of that gas. We demonstrate that strong emission line methods can provide accurate measures of relative abundances between pairs of H ii regions. From our emission line spectroscopy, we show that the metal content of the thick disk H ii region is a factor of ≈2 lower than gas in H ii regions at the midplane of this galaxy (with the relative abundance of O in the thick disk lower by −0.32 ± 0.09 dex). This implies incomplete mixing of material in the thick disk on small scales (hundreds of parsecs) and that there is accretion of low-metallicity gas through the thick disks of spirals. The inclusion of low-metallicity gas this close to the plane of NGC 4013 is reminiscent of the recently proposed “fountain-driven” accretion models.
