Invasion of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides in Europe: History of colonization, features behind its success, and threats to native fauna
Invasion of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides in Europe: History of colonization, features behind its success, and threats to native fauna
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/czoolo/57.5.584
复制
发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Kowalczyk, Rafal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kauhala, Kaarina;Kowalczyk, Rafal
本研究旨在回顾浣熊Nyctereutes procyonoides在欧洲的引进和殖民历史，其成功扩张背后的特征及其对当地动物的影响。浣熊狗被引入前苏联的欧洲地区后，迅速占领了新的地区。今天，它在北欧和东欧广泛传播，并仍在中欧蔓延。其成功的原因包括适应性强、繁殖潜力大、杂食性强、北方地区冬眠、不同地区的近9000个个体的多次引进以及种群间基因流动的倾向。浣熊对当地动物的负面影响，如鸟类数量的减少，仍然缺乏确凿的证据。浣熊狗可能会破坏水禽的巢穴，尽管拉脱维亚的一项巢穴捕食研究并未证实这一点。在芬兰进行的捕食者清除研究表明，浣熊对猎禽的影响比预期的要小。然而，浣熊狗可能导致了当地青蛙种群的灭绝，尤其是在岛屿上。浣熊狗可能会与其他食肉动物争夺食物，例如在冬天争夺腐肉，或者争夺最好的栖息地。在北欧，潜在的竞争对手包括赤狐、兀狐和獾，但对它们的饮食或栖息地偏好的研究表明，它们并没有激烈的竞争。浣熊是狂犬病、多房棘球蚴和旋毛虫等疾病和寄生虫的重要传播媒介，这无疑是该外来物种在欧洲传播所造成的最严重后果[contemporary Zoology] 57(5): 584-598, 2011]。
We aimed to review the history of the introduction and colonization of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides in Europe, the features behind its successful expansion and its impact on native fauna. The raccoon dog quickly colonized new areas after being introduced to the European part of the former Soviet Union. Today it is widespread in Northern and Eastern Europe and is still spreading in Central Europe. Features behind its success include its adaptability, high reproductive potential, omnivory, hibernation in northern areas, multiple introductions with > 9000 individuals from different localities, and tendency to wander enabling gene flow between populations. Firm evidence of the raccoon dog's negative impact on native fauna, such as a reduction in bird populations, is still scarce. Raccoon dogs may destroy waterfowl nests, although a nest predation study in Latvia did not confirm this. Predator removal studies in Finland suggested that the raccoon dog's impact on game birds is smaller than expected. However, raccoon dogs may have caused local extinction of frog populations, especially on islands. Raccoon dogs may compete with other carnivores for food, for example for carrion in winter, or for the best habitat patches. In northern Europe potential competitors include the red fox Vulpes vulpes and the badger Meles meles, but studies of their diets or habitat preferences do not indicate severe competition. The raccoon dog is an important vector of diseases and parasites, such as rabies, Echinococcus multilocularis and Trichinella spp. and this is no doubt the most severe consequence arising from the spread of this alien species in Europe [Current Zoology 57 (5): 584-598, 2011].