Fuel cell APU for commercial aircraft
Fuel cell APU for commercial aircraft
复制标题
商用飞机燃料电池APU
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gustav Kristiansson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Daggett;S. Eelman;Gustav Kristiansson
商用飞机越来越多地面临着同时减少燃料使用和排放的要求。因此，需要开发和实施新技术来解决这一困境。其中一项技术就是燃料电池。利用与电池相似的工作原理，燃料电池利用电化学过程非常有效地从燃料中产生直流电（DC）。如果燃料电池取代目前的涡轮辅助动力装置（APU），其好处很可能包括：APU使用的燃料减少了一半以上，降低了噪音，减少了排放，减少了活动部件，提高了可靠性，降低了资本成本，还可以生产水。这些好处可能会超过燃料电池带来的重量和体积损失。考虑到减少燃料电池重量和体积的进展速度，以及预计使用普通燃料的能力，预计燃料电池将在未来10-15年内达到足够高的成熟水平，以考虑在商用飞机上使用。一架更电动的飞机（MEA）是一些人提出的飞机设计理念的下一步。这种飞机将使用电力而不是气动和液压能源来为飞机的各种系统提供动力，比如环境控制。随着气动要求从APU中移除，MEA架构将非常适合燃料电池APU应用。目前，波音公司、工业组织、燃料电池制造商和学术界正在共同开展研究，以评估未来燃料电池APU的系统级效益。本文描述了MEA研究飞机平台、选择的燃料电池类型、燃料电池APU安装、操作要求，并提供了初始系统级性能评估（与涡轮动力APU相比）。©2003由波音公司。由美国航空航天学会出版，已获许可。
Commercial aircraft are increasingly faced with the requirement of simultaneously reducing fuel use and emissions. Thus, new technologies are required to be developed and implemented to solve this dilemma. One such technology is the fuel cell. Utilizing a similar operation principle to that of a battery, fuel cells harness an electrochemical process to very efficiently produce Direct Current (DC) electricity from fuel. If a fuel cell were to replace a current turbine powered Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), the benefits would most likely include; cutting fuel used by the APU more than half, reduced noise, reduced emissions, fewer moving parts, improved reliability, reduced capital costs, and would also enable the production of water. These benefits may outweigh the anticipated weight and volume penalties associated with fuel cells. Given the rate of progress in reducing the fuel cell's weight and volume, as well as the projected capability to use common fuels, it is projected that fuel cells will reach a high enough maturity level within the next 10-15 years to be considered for use in commercial aircraft. A More Electric Airplane (MEA) is the next step in aircraft design philosophy that has been proposed by some(1). Such an aircraft will use electricity instead of pneumatic and hydraulic energy to power the aircraft's various systems, such as environmental control. With the pneumatic requirements removed from the APU, a MEA architecture would ideally be suited for a fuel cell APU application. Together, the Boeing company, industry organizations, fuel cell manufacturers, and academia are currently conducting research to evaluate the system level benefits of a future fuel cell APU. This paper describes the MEA study airplane platform, the chosen fuel cell type, fuel cell APU installation, operational requirements, and also provides an initial systems-level performance assessment (as compared to a turbine powered APU). © 2003 by The Boeing Company. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission.