Large Mammalian Animal Models of Heart Disease.
Large Mammalian Animal Models of Heart Disease.
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DOI：
10.3390/jcdd3040030
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发表时间：
2016-10-05
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
He JQ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camacho P;Fan H;Liu Z;He JQ
由于心血管系统的生物学复杂性，动物模型是临床前迫切需要的，以提高我们对心血管疾病的认识，并探索新药来修复受损的心脏。理想情况下，模型系统应该是廉价的、易于操作的、可重复性的、是人类疾病的生物学代表，并且在伦理上是合理的。尽管较大的动物模型更昂贵，也更难操作，但它在遗传、结构、功能甚至疾病方面与人类的相似之处使其成为首先考虑的理想模型。这篇综述介绍了常用的大型动物-狗、羊、猪和非人类灵长类动物-而较少使用的其他大型动物-牛、马-被排除在外。这篇综述试图介绍每个物种在其生物学特性、患某些类型心脏病的易感性程度以及诱发条件的方法学方面的独特之处。例如，狗几乎不会发生心肌梗死，而扩张型心肌病则相当常见。基于每个物种与人类的相似性，模型选择可能首先考虑非人类灵长类动物--猪、羊，然后是狗--但它也取决于其他因素，例如目的、资金、伦理和政策。我们希望这篇综述能够为心血管研究人员和临床医生提供一个大型动物模型的基本轮廓。
Due to the biological complexity of the cardiovascular system, the animal model is an urgent pre-clinical need to advance our knowledge of cardiovascular disease and to explore new drugs to repair the damaged heart. Ideally, a model system should be inexpensive, easily manipulated, reproducible, a biological representative of human disease, and ethically sound. Although a larger animal model is more expensive and difficult to manipulate, its genetic, structural, functional, and even disease similarities to humans make it an ideal model to first consider. This review presents the commonly-used large animals—dog, sheep, pig, and non-human primates—while the less-used other large animals—cows, horses—are excluded. The review attempts to introduce unique points for each species regarding its biological property, degrees of susceptibility to develop certain types of heart diseases, and methodology of induced conditions. For example, dogs barely develop myocardial infarction, while dilated cardiomyopathy is developed quite often. Based on the similarities of each species to the human, the model selection may first consider non-human primates—pig, sheep, then dog—but it also depends on other factors, for example, purposes, funding, ethics, and policy. We hope this review can serve as a basic outline of large animal models for cardiovascular researchers and clinicians.