Mental health service utilization by African Americans and whites - The Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-Up
Mental health service utilization by African Americans and whites - The Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-Up
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DOI：
10.1097/00005650-199910000-00007
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发表时间：
1999-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Ford, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cooper-Patrick, L;Gallo, JJ;Ford, DE
目标。比较20世纪80年代和80年代非裔美国人和白人的心理健康服务利用及其相关因素。以家庭为基础的纵向研究，包括1981年的基线访谈和1993 - 1996年的随访访谈。巴尔的摩流行病学集水区（ECA）随访。受试者包括1,662名成年人（590名非裔美国人和1,072名白人）。主要结局变量：使用心理健康服务，定义为在每次访谈前6个月内与任何健康专业人员谈论情绪或神经问题或酒精或药物相关问题。1981年，非裔美国人和白人在普通医疗机构（GM）和专业精神卫生机构中使用精神卫生服务的粗略比率相似（11.7%）。然而，在调整了易感因素、需求和使能因素后，接受心理健康服务的个体不太可能是非洲裔美国人。在随访期间，心理健康服务的使用增加了6.5%，非裔美国人报告在20世纪90年代接受任何心理健康服务的可能性不再低，非裔美国人比白人更有可能报告在转基因环境中讨论心理健康问题而没有见过心理健康专家。他们报告使用专业心理健康服务的可能性低于白人，但这一发现在统计上并不显著，可能是因为两个种族群体的专业心理健康使用率都很低。精神痛苦是心理健康服务使用的最强预测因子。结论：与白人相比，非裔美国人的态度与心理健康服务的使用呈正相关。心理健康服务的使用在过去十年中有所增加，其中非裔美国人在转基因环境中的增幅最大。尽管在特殊心理健康服务的使用方面可能仍然存在种族差异，但转基因环境可能为非裔美国人的一些心理健康问题提供了一个安全网。
OBJECTIVE. To compare mental health service utilization and its associated factors between African Americans and whites in the 1980s and 1980s.DESIGN. Household-based longitudinal study with baseline interviews in 1981 and follow-up interviews from 1993 to 1996.SETTING. The Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Follow-Up.SUBJECTS, Subjects included 1,662 adults (590 African Americans and 1,072 whites).MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE, Use of mental health services, defined as talking to any health professional about emotional or nervous problems or alcohol or drug-related problems within the 6 months preceding each interview.RESULTS. In 1981, crude rates of mental health service use in general medical (GM) settings and specialty mental health settings were similar for African Americans and whites (11.7%). However, after adjustment for predisposing, need, and enabling factors, individuals receiving mental health services were less likely to be African American. Mental health service use increased by 6.5% over follow-up, and African Americans were no longer less Likely to report receiving any mental health services in the 1990s, African Americans were more likely than whites to report discussing mental health problems in GM settings without having seen a mental health specialist. They were less likely than whites to report use of specialty mental health services, but this finding was not statistically significant, possibly because of low rates of specialty mental health use by both race groups. Psychiatric distress was the strongest: predictor of mental health service use. Attitudes positively associated with use of mental health services were more prevalent among African Americans than whites,CONCLUSIONS. Mental health service use increased in the past decade, with the greatest increase among African Americans in GM settings. Although it is possible that the racial disparity in use of specially mental health services remains,the GM setting may offer a safety net for some mental health concerns of African Americans.