Steps Forward: Review and Recommendations for Research on Walkability, Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health.
Steps Forward: Review and Recommendations for Research on Walkability, Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/bf03391647
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Rundle, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lovasi, Gina S;Grady, Stephanie;Rundle, Andrew
支持步行和其他体力活动的建筑环境有可能减少心血管疾病(CVD)。适合步行的社区--以密度、土地利用多样性和良好的交通网络为特征--与更多的步行、更少的肥胖和更低的冠心病风险有关。然而，正在进行的关于行人友好型建筑环境的研究有可能解决重要的差距。虽然大部分文献侧重于城市形态和规划特征，但也应该考虑街道景观的其他方面，如自然和建筑便利设施。未来有希望的方向包括(1)整合多种建筑环境措施，以促进理解个人在其环境中如何感知和行为；(2)检查最可能受到当地环境影响的日常体力活动，以及最能预测心血管疾病的更刻意或更剧烈的体力活动模式；(3)考虑可能调节步行和心血管疾病之间联系的多种途径，不仅包括体力活动，还包括通过减少车辆里程来改善空气质量，以及通过计划外的相互作用增强社区社会凝聚力；(4)测试相互竞争的假设，这些假设可以解释建筑环境特征彼此之间的相互作用以及与步行的个人障碍之间的相互作用；(5)对构成全天体育活动机会的多个社区或活动空间进行更强的概念化；(6)收集并战略性地分析纵向数据，以支持因果推理；(7)研究社区偏好和选择，以超越对社区健康影响的偏见评估。虽然步行能力与健康相关的行为和心血管疾病风险因素有关，但观察到的相关性的含义尚不清楚。新的理论见解、测量技术和建筑环境变化带来了机会，可以增强证据基础，将健康促进和心血管疾病预防纳入关于如何规划和建设社区的对话中。
Built environments that support walking and other physical activities have the potential to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD). Walkable neighborhoods—characterized by density, land use diversity, and well-connected transportation networks—have been linked to more walking, less obesity, and lower coronary heart disease risk. Yet ongoing research on pedestrian-friendly built environments has the potential to address important gaps. While much of the literature has focused on urban form and planning characteristics, additional aspects of street-scapes, such as natural and architectural amenities, should also be considered. Promising future directions include (1) integration of multiple built environment measures that facilitate an understanding of how individuals perceive and act within their environment; (2) examination of both the daily physical activities that are most feasibly influenced by the local environment and those more deliberate or vigorous patterns of physical activity that are most predictive of CVD; (3) consideration of multiple pathways that could mediate a link between walkability and CVD, including not only physical activity, but also air quality improvements from reduced vehicle mileage and enhanced neighborhood social cohesion from unplanned interactions; (4) testing competing hypotheses that may explain interactions of built environment characteristics with each other and with personal barriers to walking; (5) stronger conceptualization of the multiple neighborhoods or activity spaces that structure opportunities for physical activity throughout the day; (6) collecting and strategically analyzing longitudinal data to support causal inference; and (7) studying neighborhood preferences and selection to move beyond biased assessments of neighborhood health effects. While walkability has been linked to health-related behaviors and CVD risk factors, the implications of the observed correlations are not yet clear. New theoretical insights, measurement technologies, and built environment changes represent opportunities to enhance the evidence base for bringing health promotion and cardiovascular disease prevention into the conversation about how communities are planned and built.