Effect of Schizochytrium limacinum supplementation to a low fish-meal diet on growth performance, lipid metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy and intestinal histology of Litopenaeus vannamei
Effect of Schizochytrium limacinum supplementation to a low fish-meal diet on growth performance, lipid metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy and intestinal histology of Litopenaeus vannamei
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2022.1090235
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发表时间：
2022-12
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Xinzhou Yao;Yingying Lin;Menglin Shi;Liutong Chen;Kangyuan Qu;Yucheng Liu;B. Tan;Shi‐wei Xie
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作者：
Xinzhou Yao;Yingying Lin;Menglin Shi;Liutong Chen;Kangyuan Qu;Yucheng Liu;B. Tan;Shi‐wei Xie
在本实验中，我们旨在评估低鱼粉日粮中添加裂殖壶菌对凡美对虾生长性能、细胞凋亡、自噬、脂质代谢和肠道健康的关系。含有 25% 鱼粉的日粮用作阳性对照 (FM)，其他三种日粮含有 15% 鱼粉，并补充 0、0.3 和 0.6% S. Limacinum（LF、LFLD、LFHD）。将虾 (0.22 ± 0.00 g) 分成四个重复，每个池 40 只虾，每天喂食四次，直至明显饱足，持续 8 周。结果表明，与饲喂LFLD饲料的对虾相比，饲喂FM和LFHD饲料的对虾最终体重（FBW）和增重率（WGR）显着增加（P<0。05）。在低鱼粉日粮中添加 S. Limacinum 对虾体成分没有影响（P<0.05）。与饲喂 LFLD 和 LFHD 饲料的虾相比，饲喂 LF 饲料的虾血淋巴中低密度脂蛋白 (LDL-C)、葡萄糖 (GLU)、甘油三酯 (TG) 和总胆固醇 (TC) 存在显着差异 (P<0.05)。 HE染色和透射电镜（TEM）结果显示，饲喂LF饲料的对虾肠道微绒毛高度、粘膜皱襞高度、粘膜皱襞宽度和肌层厚度均较其他3种饲料显着降低（P<0.05）。 TEM还观察到饲喂LF饲料的虾肠道内质网和不规则线粒体肿胀，饲喂LFHD饲料的虾肠道内质网和线粒体恢复到健康状态。肝胰腺基因表达结果显示，饲喂LF饲料的对虾5'-AMP激活蛋白激酶（ampk）、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶（scd1）、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1（acc1）和丙二酰辅酶A脱羧酶（mcd）基因表达量较FM饲料显着升高（P<0.05）。饲喂LFLD饲料的对虾甾醇调节元件结合蛋白（srbep）和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1（cpt-1）基因表达量较LF饲料显着升高（P<0.05）。饲喂 LFHD 饲料的对虾 acc1、mcd 和 scd1 基因表达量较 LF 饲料显着降低（P<0.05）。肝胰腺细胞凋亡相关基因表达结果显示，与FM饲料相比，饲喂LF饲料的对虾B淋巴细胞瘤2（bcl-2）、BCL2相关X凋亡调节因子（bax）和半胱氨酰天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶8（caspase 8）基因表达量显着降低（P<0.05）。饲喂LFHD饲料的对虾bcl-2基因表达量较饲喂LF饲料的对虾显着降低（P<0.05）。肝胰腺自噬相关基因显示，饲喂LF饲料的对虾与饲喂FM饲料的对虾相比，自噬相关蛋白12（atg 12）、自噬相关蛋白13（atg 13）和beclin1的表达显着降低（P<0.05）。饲喂LFHD饲料的对虾atg 12和atg 13基因表达量较LF饲料显着升高（P<0.05）。综上所述，减少鱼粉对虾的生长性能和肠道健康不利，而补充0.6%的南美白对虾可以提高生长性能，促进肝胰腺脂质代谢，减少细胞凋亡，促进自噬，改善凡纳滨对虾肠道健康。
In this experiment, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the addition of Schizochytrium limacinum to low fish meal diets on growth performance, apoptosis, autophagy, lipid metabolism, and intestinal health of Lipenaeus vanamei. The diet containing 25% fish meal was used as a positive control (FM) and the other three diets contained 15% fish meal and were supplemented with 0, 0.3, and 0.6% S. Limacinum (LF, LFLD, LFHD). The shrimp (0.22 ± 0.00 g) were divided into four replicates of 40 shrimp per tank and fed four times daily to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. Results showed that the final weight (FBW) and weight gain rate (WGR) of shrimp fed FM and LFHD diets were significantly increased compared to those fed the LFLD diet (P0.05). Supplementation of S. Limacinum in low fish meal diets had no effects on shrimp body composition (P<0.05). There were significant differences (P<0.05) in low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) in the hemolymph of shrimp fed the LF diet compared to those fed the LFLD and LFHD diets. HE staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that the microvilli height, mucosal folds height, mucosal folds width and muscle layer thickness in the intestine of shrimp fed the LF diet were significantly reduced compared to those fed the other three diets (P<0.05). Swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum and irregular mitochondria in the gut of shrimp fed the LF diet was also observed by TEM, and the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of shrimp fed the LFHD diet returned to a healthy state. Hepatopancreas genes expression results were showed that the gene expression of 5′ -AMP-activated protein kinase (ampk), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (scd1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (acc1), and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mcd) of shrimp fed the LF diet was significantly increased compared to those fed the FM diet (P<0.05). The gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (srbep) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (cpt-1) of shrimp fed the LFLD diet was significantly increased compared to those fed the LF diet (P<0.05). The gene expression of acc1, mcd and scd1 of shrimp fed the LFHD diet was significantly reduced compared to those fed the LF diet (P<0.05). Results of genes expression associated with apoptosis in the hepatopancreas showed that the gene expression of B lymphocytoma-2 (bcl-2), BCL2 associated X apoptosis regulator (bax) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 8 (caspase 8) of shrimp fed the LF diet was significantly reduced compared to those fed the FM diet (P<0.05). The gene expression of bcl-2 of shrimp fed the LFHD diet was significantly reduced compared to those fed the LF diet (P<0.05). Genes related to autophagy in the hepatopancreas showed that the expression of autophagy-related protein 12 (atg 12), autophagy-related protein 13 (atg 13) and beclin1 of shrimp fed LF the diet was significantly reduced compared to those fed the FM diet (P<0.05). The gene expression of atg 12 and atg 13 of shrimp fed the LFHD diet was significantly increased compared to those fed the LF diet (P<0.05). In summary, reducing fish meal is detrimental to the growth performance and intestinal health of shrimp, and 0.6% S. Limacinum supplementation can improve the growth performance, promotes hepatopancreas lipid metabolism, reduces apoptosis, promotes autophagy and improve intestinal health of Litopenaeus vannamei.