Stock enhancement and translocation of the shrimp Penaeus chinensis in China
Stock enhancement and translocation of the shrimp Penaeus chinensis in China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fishres.2006.03.015
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发表时间：
2006-08
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Qing-yin Wang;Zhimeng Zhuang;Jingyao Deng;Y. Ye
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Qing-yin Wang;Zhimeng Zhuang;Jingyao Deng;Y. Ye
中国对虾（Penaeus chinensis）的孵化场释放已经在中国进行了20年，无论是在该物种的自然分布区内外。1991年释放的对虾数量达到52.13亿只的峰值，目前保持在每年16亿只，年上岸量约720吨。在黄海北部的海洋岛渔场，放流对虾的渔获量占总上岸量的90%以上。虽然不同放流地点的幼鱼回捕率差异很大，但海洋岛渔场1985 ~ 1992年平均回捕率为9.2%，象山湾1984 ~ 1995年平均回捕率为9%，东乌洋湾1986 ~ 1995年平均回捕率为5.4%。黄海对虾增殖放流的生产成本与收益比为1：8.5，东海对虾自然分布区外放流的生产成本与收益比为1：5.6。尽管中国释放孵化场饲养的对虾成功地增加了商业对虾渔业的产量，但由于过度捕捞产卵前动物，它们并没有增加黄渤海地区野生对虾种群的规模。同样，他们也没有成功地建立自我补充种群的地区时，P。相反，各种对虾种群增加举措导致了成功的海上牧场经营，即，释放幼鱼，并在它们达到市场规模但尚未达到性成熟时捕捞。然而，通过管理条例重建野生对虾种群有望成为比目前的海上养殖业务更具成本效益的增加对虾产量的方法。“放取"释放不适合替代更迫切需要的渔业管理行动，如生境恢复和减少捕捞努力量，以及允许释放孵化场饲养的对虾以促进产卵生物量的管理。
Hatchery releases of the prawn (shrimp), Penaeus chinensis, have been made in China for 20 years, both within and outside the natural distribution of the species. The number of released prawns reached a peak of 5.213 billion in 1991 and currently remains at ∼600 million p.a., providing annual landings of around 720t. Catches of released prawns have contributed >90% to total landings in one region, the Haiyangdao Fishing Ground in the north Yellow Sea. Although recapture rates of hatchery released juveniles varied greatly between release sites, they reached an average of 9.2% at the Haiyangdao Fishing Ground from 1985 to 1992, and 9% in Xiangshan Bay from 1984 to 1995 and 5.4% in Dongwuyang Bay from 1986 to 1995, two bays in the East China Sea. The ratio of production costs to revenue from the catches of released prawns reached 1:8.5 for the stock enhancement programmes in the Yellow Sea, and averaged 1:5.6 in the translocation of prawns outside their natural range in the East China Sea. Although releases of hatchery-reared prawns in China have succeeded in augmenting production of commercial prawn fisheries, they have not increased the size of the wild prawn populations in the Yellow-Bohai Sea region due to over-fishing of pre-spawning animals. Similarly, they have not succeeded in establishing self-replenishing populations in areas when P. chinensis was translocated outside its natural distribution. Instead, the various prawn stock enhancement initiatives have led to successful sea ranching operations, i.e., releasing juveniles and harvesting them when they reach market size but before they reach sexual maturity. However, rebuilding the wild prawn stock through management regulations promises to be a more cost-effective approach to increasing prawn production than the current sea ranching operations. ‘Put and take’ releases are an inappropriate substitute for more urgently needed fisheries management actions, such as habitat restoration and reduction in fishing effort, and management to allow releases of hatchery-reared prawns to contribute to spawning biomass.