Divergent V1R repertoires in five species: Amplification in rodents, decimation in primates, and a surprisingly small repertoire in dogs
Divergent V1R repertoires in five species: Amplification in rodents, decimation in primates, and a surprisingly small repertoire in dogs
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DOI：
10.1101/gr.3339905
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Lane, RP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Young, JM;Kambere, M;Lane, RP
VIR基因家族包括在哺乳动物犁鼻器官（VNO）中表达的两种假定的信息素受体之一。我们检索了最近的小鼠、大鼠、狗、黑猩猩和人类基因组序列集合，为每个物种汇编了近乎完整的VIR基因库。狗、人类和黑猩猩的基因组中只有很少的完整VIRs（分别为8个、2个和0个），而大鼠（106个）和小鼠（165个）的基因组中有超过100个完整VIRs。我们还首次描述了这些物种中VIP假基因的多样性。我们在小鼠中鉴定出至少165个假基因，在大鼠中鉴定出II0个，在黑猩猩中鉴定出102个，在人类中鉴定出II5个，在狗中鉴定出54个。灵长类动物和狗的假基因分布在啮齿类动物中几乎所有VIR亚科中，表明这些物种的共同祖先具有多样化的VIP功能。我们发现VIR基因在不同的物种和不同的亚科中有着截然不同的命运。在啮齿类动物中，一些亚科在小鼠和大鼠中保持相对稳定或经历了大致相当的扩张；其他亚科在一个物种中扩张，而在另一个物种中没有。考虑到狗和啮齿动物一样，有一个功能性的VNO和一个基于信息素的复杂行为系统，狗基因组中少量完整的VNO是出乎意料的。我们在狗的基因组中发现了一个完整的瞬时受体电位通道2 β，与狗的功能性VNO一致。狗体内VIR基因库的减少提出了一个问题，即在哺乳动物复杂信息素系统的建立中，VIR与其他候选信息素受体基因的相对贡献。
The VIR gene family comprises one of two types Of Putative pheromone receptors expressed in the mammalian vomeronasal organ (VNO). We searched the most recent Mouse, rat, dog, chimpanzee, and human genome Sequence assemblies to compile a near-complete repertoire of VIR genes for each species. Dog, human, and chimpanzee have very few intact VIRs (8, 2, and 0, respectively) compared to more than a hundred intact VIRs ill each of the rat (106) and Mouse (165) genomes. We also provide the first description of the diversity of VIP pseudogenes in these species. We identify at least 165 pseudogenes in mouse, II0 in rat, 102 in chimpanzee, II5 in human, and 54 in dog. Primate and dog pseudogenes are distributed among almost all VIR Subfamilies seen in rodents, indicating that the common ancestor of these species had a diverse VIP repertoire. We find that VIR genes were Subject to strikingly different fates in different species and in different Subfamilies. In rodents, some Subfamilies remained relatively stable or underwent roughly equivalent expansion in mouse and rat; other subfamilies expanded in one species but not the other. The small number of intact VIRs ill the clog genome is unexpected given the presumption that dogs, like rodents, have a functional VNO, and a complex system of pheromone-based behaviors. We identify an intact transient receptor potential channel 2beta in the dog genome, consistent with a functional VNO in dogs. The diminished VIR repertoire in dogs raises questions about the relative contributions of VIRs versus other candidate pheromone receptor genes in the establishment of complex pheromone systems in mammals.