Origins of an epidemic: the methodological and political emergence of rapid assessment.
Origins of an epidemic: the methodological and political emergence of rapid assessment.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0955-3959(99)00056-0
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发表时间：
2000-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stimson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fitch;Rhodes;Stimson
最近出现的快速评估作为药物和酒精领域的一种公共卫生工具，是一个相对非历史性的过程。缺乏这样一个明确的历史传记是可以理解的--快速评估的发现和影响很少进入主流期刊。然而，它的持续缺失带来了一个向内看的领域的明显危险。本文介绍了快速评估在过去二十年的发展，详细的重点是快速评估在毒品和酒精领域的出现。这方面的重点是国际机构在1980年代和1990年代发挥的中心作用，世界卫生组织制定了预防艾滋病毒在注射毒品使用者中流行的快速方法，以及联合国国际药物管制规划署使用快速方法指导药物政策改革。该文件还介绍了其他领域的关键事件，包括：出现了第一个正式的快速方法在20世纪70年代末，和生产的第一个正式的准则进行快速评估在20世纪80年代中期。本文最后强调了快速方法在其历史上所面临的共同挑战。
The recent emergence of rapid assessment as a public health tool in the drug and alcohol field has been a relatively ahistorical process. The lack of such an explicit historical biography is understandable - the findings and impact of rapid assessment have rarely made their way into mainstream journals. However, its continued absence presents the manifest danger of an inward-looking field. This paper describes the development of rapid assessment during the past two decades, with a detailed focus on the emergence of rapid assessment in the drug and alcohol field. This focuses on the central role played by international agencies during the 1980s and 1990s, and the development of rapid methodologies by the World Health Organization to prevent epidemics of HIV among injecting drug users, and the use of rapid methodologies by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme to instruct drug policy reform. The paper also describes key events in other fields including: the emergence of the first formal rapid methodologies in the late 1970s, and the production of the first formal guidelines on conducting rapid assessment during the mid-1980s. The paper concludes by highlighting common challenges that rapid methodologies have faced throughout their history.