Limited evidence of hierarchical encoding in the cheerleader effect
Limited evidence of hierarchical encoding in the cheerleader effect
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-45789-6
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发表时间：
2019-06-27
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Nicholls, Mike E. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carragher, Daniel J.;Thomas, Nicole A.;Nicholls, Mike E. R.
“拉拉队效应”指的是当一个人的脸和一群人的脸在一起时，他的吸引力会增加。有人提出，拉拉队效应的发生是因为(a)视觉系统迅速将一组面孔概括为整体表征，(b)由于其平均面部特征而被假设为非常有吸引力，以及(c)由于视觉工作记忆的层次结构，观察者记住的个体面孔比他们更像整体表征。在三个实验中，我们调查了拉拉队效应是否与等级编码一致，通过要求观察者对小组和单独展示的相同目标面孔给出吸引力评级。与分层编码一致，当目标面孔被呈现在一组面孔中时，吸引力的最大增长幅度为1.5-2.0%，这些面孔可以通过心理总结来创建具有平均面部特征的整体表示。令人惊讶的是，在与分层编码不兼容的条件下（即非人类图像组），啦啦队的效果仍然较小。总之，这些结果只提供了有限的证据来证明分层编码在啦啦队效应中的作用，这表明在未来的研究中必须探索其他机制。
"The cheerleader effect" refers to the increase in attractiveness that an individual face experiences when seen in a group of other faces. It has been proposed that the cheerleader effect occurs because (a) the visual system rapidly summarises a group of faces into an ensemble representation, (b) which is hypothesised to be highly attractive because of its average facial characteristics, and (c) observers remember individual faces to be more alike the ensemble representation than they were, due to hierarchical structure of visual working memory. Across three experiments, we investigated whether the cheerleader effect is consistent with hierarchical encoding, by asking observers to give attractiveness ratings to the same target faces shown in groups and alone. Consistent with hierarchical encoding, the largest attractiveness increases of 1.5-2.0% occurred when target faces were presented in groups of faces that could be mentally summarised to create an ensemble representation with average facial characteristics. Surprisingly, smaller cheerleader effects still occurred in conditions that were incompatible with hierarchical encoding (i.e., groups with non-human images). Together, these results offer only limited evidence for the role of hierarchical encoding in the cheerleader effect, suggesting that alternative mechanisms must be explored in future research.