Novel Molecular Markers for Breast Cancer.
Novel Molecular Markers for Breast Cancer.
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DOI：
10.4137/bic.s38394
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fry EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Inoue K;Fry EA
使用分子生物标志物可确保乳腺癌（BC）患者获得最佳治疗。雌激素受体、孕激素受体、HER 2和Ki 67等生物标志物在乳腺癌的亚类分类中发挥着重要作用，可用于预测预后和决定对每个患者的具体治疗。使用4-羟基他莫昔芬或芳香酶抑制剂的抗激素疗法已用于肿瘤细胞表达激素受体的患者，而针对HER 2的单克隆抗体已被施用至HER 2阳性BC。尽管在过去的几十年中已经开发了新的治疗剂，但许多患者仍然由于复发而死于疾病;因此，预测治疗失败的新分子标记物和可以成为特异性治疗靶点的分子标记物是预期的。我们通过回顾最近的出版物选择了四种这样的分子，它们是cyclin E，B-Myb，Twist和DMP 1 β。这些分子的致癌性已经通过使用转基因小鼠或siRNA的研究在体内和/或体外证明，并且它们的表达已经显示与BC患者的总体或无病生存期缩短相关。前三种分子已被证明可以加速上皮-间充质转化，这通常与癌症干细胞和转移有关;所有这四种分子也可以成为新的治疗靶点。因此，将需要采用免疫组织化学的大型前瞻性研究来建立这些分子在BC患者中的预测值。
The use of molecular biomarkers assures that breast cancer (BC) patients receive optimal treatment. Established biomarkers, such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, and Ki67, have been playing significant roles in the subcategorization of BC to predict the prognosis and decide the specific therapy to each patient. Antihormonal therapy using 4-hydroxytamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors have been employed in patients whose tumor cells express hormone receptors, while monoclonal antibody to HER2 has been administered to HER2-positive BCs. Although new therapeutic agents have been developed in the past few decades, many patients still die of the disease due to relapse; thus, novel molecular markers that predict therapeutic failure and those that can be targets for specific therapy are expected. We have chosen four of such molecules by reviewing recent publications, which are cyclin E, B-Myb, Twist, and DMP1β. The oncogenicity of these molecules has been demonstrated in vivo and/or in vitro through studies using transgenic mice or siRNAs, and their expressions have been shown to be associated with shortened overall or disease-free survival of BC patients. The former three molecules have been shown to accelerate epithelial–mesenchymal transition that is often associated with cancer stem cell-ness and metastasis; all these four can be novel therapeutic targets as well. Thus, large prospective studies employing immunohistochemistry will be needed to establish the predictive values of these molecules in patients with BC.