Sequence fingerprints of microRNA conservation.
Sequence fingerprints of microRNA conservation.
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MicroRNA 保守性的序列指纹
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0048256
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wang J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shi B;Gao W;Wang J
众所周知，蛋白质编码基因的保护与它们的序列有关，无论是动物还是植物。然而，在不同物种中，microRNA （miRNA）的保护与其序列之间的关系仍未被探索。在这里，我们报道了miRNA保守与其序列特征（如碱基含量和切割位点）的关联，表明miRNA序列包含miRNA保守的指纹。更有趣的是，不同的物种在miRNA保护和序列特征之间表现出不同甚至相反的模式。例如，哺乳动物miRNAs的保守性与AU/GC含量呈正相关/负相关，而植物miRNAs的保守性与AU/GC含量呈负相关/正相关。进一步分析提出了蛋白质编码基因内含子可能是哺乳动物mirna起源和进化的主要驱动力的假设。在哺乳动物中，在5 '端，保守的mirna偏爱碱基U，而不太保守的mirna偏爱非U碱基。这种差异在昆虫和植物中不存在，在昆虫和植物中，保守的mirna和不太保守的mirna都偏爱5 '端的碱基U。我们进一步发现，在不太保守的哺乳动物miRNA的5 '端，非u偏好与miRNA功能多样性有关，这可能是由哺乳动物在进化过程中遇到的高度复杂的环境刺激压力进化而来的。这些结果表明，不同物种的miRNA序列具有不同的保守指纹。更重要的是，研究结果表明，尽管物种具有共同的miRNA起源和进化机制，但哺乳动物可能发展出miRNA起源和进化的新机制。此外，本研究发现的指纹图谱可以预测miRNA的保守性，这一发现有助于更清晰地了解miRNA的功能和进化。
It is known that the conservation of protein-coding genes is associated with their sequences both various species, such as animals and plants. However, the association between microRNA (miRNA) conservation and their sequences in various species remains unexplored. Here we report the association of miRNA conservation with its sequence features, such as base content and cleavage sites, suggesting that miRNA sequences contain the fingerprints for miRNA conservation. More interestingly, different species show different and even opposite patterns between miRNA conservation and sequence features. For example, mammalian miRNAs show a positive/negative correlation between conservation and AU/GC content, whereas plant miRNAs show a negative/positive correlation between conservation and AU/GC content. Further analysis puts forward the hypothesis that the introns of protein-coding genes may be a main driving force for the origin and evolution of mammalian miRNAs. At the 5′ end, conserved miRNAs have a preference for base U, while less-conserved miRNAs have a preference for a non-U base in mammals. This difference does not exist in insects and plants, in which both conserved miRNAs and less-conserved miRNAs have a preference for base U at the 5′ end. We further revealed that the non-U preference at the 5′ end of less-conserved mammalian miRNAs is associated with miRNA function diversity, which may have evolved from the pressure of a highly sophisticated environmental stimulus the mammals encountered during evolution. These results indicated that miRNA sequences contain the fingerprints for conservation, and these fingerprints vary according to species. More importantly, the results suggest that although species share common mechanisms by which miRNAs originate and evolve, mammals may develop a novel mechanism for miRNA origin and evolution. In addition, the fingerprint found in this study can be predictor of miRNA conservation, and the findings are helpful in achieving a clearer understanding of miRNA function and evolution.
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