Trouble in the second year: Three questions about family interaction
Trouble in the second year: Three questions about family interaction
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01751.x
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发表时间：
1996-04-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Crnic, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Belsky, J;Woodworth, S;Crnic, K
本报告涉及69个养育头胎儿子的家庭，讨论了3个关于第二年家庭互动的问题。问题1涉及通过聚类分析，使用儿童15个月和21个月大时家庭互动的叙事记录编码，识别难以管理孩子的家庭。在每个年龄段被确定为“麻烦”的家庭中，父母最常试图控制他们的幼儿，最不可能依赖控制加指导的管理策略，孩子最常违抗他们，并且在这些控制遭遇中经历了最大的负面影响升级。在15个月和21个月时被认定为“麻烦”的家庭，其孩子在18个月时获得了最高的“外部化”问题分数，而母亲在第二年经历了最多的日常麻烦。第二个问题是关于第二年“麻烦”的起因。判别函数分析表明，在两个测量年龄（n = 15），仅在一个年龄（n = 28）或从未（n = 26）出现问题的家庭组中的成员资格可以可靠地预测（命中率= 71%）使用一组9项测量，包括父母个性、儿童情绪/气质、婚姻质量、工作家庭关系和社会支持，Belsky关于父母教养和社会阶层的决定因素的模型所建议的。问题3涉及这样一个命题：第一年的广泛非孕产妇护理是第二年家庭功能陷入困境的风险因素。正如假设的那样，预测分析表明，当孩子在第一年每周经历20小时或更多的非母亲护理时，中等和高背景风险的家庭（基于与问题2有关的10个先行变量）在第二年更有可能遇到麻烦，这些结果不能归因于“选择效应”。''
3 questions regarding family interaction in the second year of life are addressed in this report on 69 families rearing firstborn sons. Question 1 concerns the identification, via cluster analysis, of families having difficulty managing their child, using codings of narrative records of family interaction when children were 15 and 21 months of age. Parents in families identified as ''troubled'' at each age tried to control their toddlers most often, were least likely to rely upon control-plus-guidance management strategies, had children who defied them most frequently, and experienced the greatest escalation of negative affect in these control encounters. Families identified as ''troubled'' at both 15 and 21 months had children who received the highest ''externalizing'' problem scores at 18 months and mothers who experienced the most daily hassles during the second year. Question 2 concerns the antecedents of ''trouble in the second year.'' Discriminant function analyses indicated that membership in the groups of families that appeared troubled at both ages of measurement (n = 15), at only one age (n = 28), or never (n = 26) could be reliably predicted (hit rate = 71%) using a set of 9 measurements of parent personality, child emotionality/temperament, marital quality, work-family relations, and social support, suggested by Belsky's model of the determinants of parenting, and social class. Question 3 concerns the proposition that extensive nonmaternal care in the first year is a risk factor for troubled family functioning in the second year. As hypothesized, prediction analysis showed that families at moderate and high contextual risk (based on 10 antecedent variables pertaining to Question 2) were significantly more likely to experience trouble in the second year when children experienced 20 or more hours per week of nonmaternal care in their first year, and these results could not be attributed to ''selection effects.''