Stochastic Processes in a Plasma
Stochastic Processes in a Plasma
复制标题
等离子体中的随机过程
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-10491-6_4
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
A. Piel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Piel
对形成等离子体的电子和离子的热气体的描述涉及许多需要统计描述的非确定性或随机过程。等离子体成分具有广泛的速度分布，并在带电粒子之间或与母体气体的气体原子之间进行碰撞。等离子体作为一个整体的行为不能再归结为规定场中单个粒子的确定性运动。相反，大量的粒子引入了不确定性，迫使我们用平均量来描述等离子体。例如，平均运动取决于宏观量，如温度和密度梯度，这会产生粒子通量或电流。本节讨论粒子的随机运动，并引入简单的统计概念来描述气体放电中典型的输运过程。为了说明这些概念，给出了在气体放电、航天器离子推进器设计或核聚变热平衡中的典型应用。
The description of the hot gas of electrons and ions forming a plasma involves a number of non-deterministic or stochastic processes that require a statistical description. The plasma constituents have a wide spread of velocities and perform collisions between the charged particles, or with the gas atoms of the parent gas. The behavior of the plasma as a whole can no longer be reduced to the deterministic motion of individual particles in prescribe felds. Rather, the large number of particles introduces uncertainties that force us to describe the plasma by average quantities. For example, the average motion depends on macroscopic quantities like temperature and density gradients, which generate particle fluxes or electric currents. This Section discusses the stochastic motion of particles and introduces simple statistical concepts to describe typical transport processes in gas discharges. To illustrate the concepts, typical applications are given in gas discharges, in ion thrusters design for spacecrafts, or in the heat balance for nuclear fusion.