Toxicity of sixty-three metals and metalloids to Hyalella azteca at two levels of water hardness
Toxicity of sixty-three metals and metalloids to Hyalella azteca at two levels of water hardness
复制标题
DOI：
10.1897/04-177r.1
复制
发表时间：
2005-03-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Dixon, DG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borgmann, U;Couillard, Y;Dixon, DG
使用淡水片足类动物 Hyalella azteca 在加拿大安大略湖和软水（10% 安大略湖）中暴露一周，测量了元素周期表中所有原子稳定金属（不包括 Na、Mg、K 和 Ca）的毒性。添加金属作为原子吸收标准品（63 种金属），以及 10 种金属的阴离子盐。 48 种测试金属的致死浓度 (LC50) 导致 50% 死亡率；其余在1000微克/升时无毒。按摩尔计算，毒性最强的金属是 Cd、Ag、Pb、Hg、Cr（阴离子）和 Tl，标称 LC50 范围为 5 至 58 nmol/L（测量值 I 至 58 nmol/L）。其次是 U、Co、Os、Se（阴离子）、Pt、Lu、Cu、Ce、Zn、Pr、Ni 和 Yb，标称 LC50 范围为 225 至 1,500 nmol/L（测量值为 88-1,300 nmol/L）。大多数金属在软水中的毒性相似或稍高，但 Al、Cr、Ge、Pb 和 U 在软水中的毒性高 17 倍以上；钯在软水中的毒性较小。酸中As和Se的原子吸收(AA)标样与阴离子的毒性相似，Sb比AA标样的毒性更大，Cr和Mn作为阴离子的毒性更大。 H. azteca 的一周 LC50 与三周 LC50 和三周效应浓度密切相关，导致大型溞繁殖 (EC50) 减少 50%。
The toxicity of all atomically stable metals in the periodic table, excluding Na, Mg, K, and Ca, was measured in one-week exposures using the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca in both Lake Ontario, Canada, and soft water (10% Lake Ontario). Metals were added as atomic absorption standards (63 metals), and also as anion salts for 10 metals. Lethal concentrations resulting in 50% mortality (LC50s) were obtained for 48 of the metals tested; the rest were not toxic at 1,000 mug/L. The most toxic metals on a molar basis were Cd, Ag, Pb, Hg, Cr (anion), and Tl, with nominal LC50s ranging from 5 to 58 nmol/L (I to 58 nmol/L measured). These metals were followed by U, Co, Os, Se (anion), Pt, Lu, Cu, Ce, Zn, Pr, Ni, and Yb with nominal LC50s ranging from 225 to 1,500 nmol/L (88-1,300 nmol/L measured). Most metals were similarly or slightly more toxic in soft water, but Al, Cr, Ge, Pb, and U were >17-fold more toxic in soft water; Pd was less toxic in soft water. Atomic absorption (AA) standards of As and Se in acid had similar toxicity as anions, Sb was more toxic as the AA standard, and Cr and Mn were more toxic as anions. One-week LC50s for H. azteca correlate strongly with three-week LC50s and three-week effect concentrations resulting in 50% reduction in reproduction (EC50s) in Daphnia magna.