Interethnic Interaction, Strategic Bargaining Power, and the Dynamics of Cultural Norms : A Field Study in an Amazonian Population.
Interethnic Interaction, Strategic Bargaining Power, and the Dynamics of Cultural Norms : A Field Study in an Amazonian Population.
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DOI：
10.1007/s12110-017-9297-8
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发表时间：
2017-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McElreath R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bunce JA;McElreath R
族群是人类社会普遍而独特的。这类群体有时会有与其社会和生态环境相适应的行为规范，而种族边界可能起到保护这种变化不受种族间互动侵蚀的作用。然而，这种互动往往是频繁和自愿的，这表明，个人可能能够战略性地降低其成本，使适应性的文化差异持续存在，尽管与不同规范的外群体的互动。我们研究了五种机制，影响种族不同的文化规范的动态，每一个都集中在战略个人层面的选择，在种族间的互动：讨价还价，互动频率偏规范采用，分类规范，成功偏种族间的社会学习，和童年社会化。我们使用贝叶斯项目反应模型来分析规范的变化和种族间的相互作用在一个种族结构的亚马逊人口的模式。我们发现，在土著Matsigenka，种族间的教育与殖民地梅斯蒂索人更强烈地与梅斯蒂索典型的规范，甚至比广泛的种族间的经验，在商业和雇佣劳动。使用人种学观察，我们表明，所有五个拟议的规范采用机制可能有助于这种效果。然而，这些机制，我们认为，相对议价能力的变化是特别重要的少数民族希望保持独特的规范，同时从事在教育等领域的种族间的互动。如果这一机制被证明适用于一系列其他人种学背景下，它将构成一个令人信服的解释，何时以及为什么种族结构的文化差异可以持续或侵蚀频繁，往往是互利的，种族间的互动。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1007/s12110-017-9297-8）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Ethnic groups are universal and unique to human societies. Such groups sometimes have norms of behavior that are adaptively linked to their social and ecological circumstances, and ethnic boundaries may function to protect that variation from erosion by interethnic interaction. However, such interaction is often frequent and voluntary, suggesting that individuals may be able to strategically reduce its costs, allowing adaptive cultural variation to persist in spite of interaction with out-groups with different norms. We examine five mechanisms influencing the dynamics of ethnically distinct cultural norms, each focused on strategic individual-level choices in interethnic interaction: bargaining, interaction-frequency-biased norm adoption, assortment on norms, success-biased interethnic social learning, and childhood socialization. We use Bayesian item response models to analyze patterns of norm variation and interethnic interaction in an ethnically structured Amazonian population. We show that, among indigenous Matsigenka, interethnic education with colonial Mestizos is more strongly associated with Mestizo-typical norms than even extensive interethnic experience in commerce and wage labor is. Using ethnographic observations, we show that all five of the proposed mechanisms of norm adoption may contribute to this effect. However, of these mechanisms, we argue that changes in relative bargaining power are particularly important for ethnic minorities wishing to preserve distinctive norms while engaging in interethnic interaction in domains such as education. If this mechanism proves applicable in a range of other ethnographic contexts, it would constitute one cogent explanation for when and why ethnically structured cultural variation can either persist or erode given frequent, and often mutually beneficial, interethnic interaction. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12110-017-9297-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Cheung, Benjamin Y.;Chudek, Maciej;Heine, Steven J.
通讯作者：
Heine, Steven J.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Henrich, J;McElreath, R
通讯作者：
McElreath, R
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0903532106
发表时间：
2009-09-22
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
d'Errico, Francesco;Vanhaeren, Marian;Lozouet, Pierre
通讯作者：
Lozouet, Pierre
影响因子：
8.4
作者：
BOWLES, S;GINTIS, H
通讯作者：
GINTIS, H
DOI：
10.1086/soutjanth.23.4.3629450
发表时间：
1967-01-01
期刊：
SOUTHWESTERN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
GRAVES, TD
通讯作者：
GRAVES, TD