Crops that feed the world 8: Potato: are the trends of increased global production sustainable?
Crops that feed the world 8: Potato: are the trends of increased global production sustainable?
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DOI：
10.1007/s12571-012-0220-1
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Toth, Ian K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Birch, Paul R. J.;Bryan, Glenn;Toth, Ian K.
除南极洲外，所有大陆都有土豆出产，是世界第三大粮食作物。在过去20年里，发展中国家的马铃薯产量大幅增加，现已超过发达国家，这突显出马铃薯作为一种主要粮食作物的重要性与日俱增，以满足日益增长的人口需求。马铃薯也是淀粉的重要来源。它已被适应在广泛的环境中种植，随着大量种质资源的可用，进一步开发其自然生物多样性的潜力相当大。世界各地的马铃薯产量差异很大，最低的是撒哈拉以南的非洲地区；是全球平均产量的75%，是最大产区的30%。许多因素促成了这种差异，为改进农艺措施提供了目标，并刺激了改良品种以增加最贫穷产量国家的产量。马铃薯适应多种生物和非生物胁迫的能力对其作为主要食物来源的未来生长至关重要。在目前的育种工作中，这些特性正受到高度重视，以期在不断变化的气候中更好地装备马铃薯作物。基因组学时代正在加速我们对马铃薯发育、生理、水分和养分利用效率以及对生物和非生物胁迫抗性的关键基因和机制的理解。基因组学技术为更快速、标记辅助的育种策略提供了可能性，并为生物技术方法提供了机会，特别是在主要基因对病虫害的抗性方面。需要继续审查转基因政策和法规以及相关的社会和政治意见，以指导和确定最安全和最有成效的马铃薯改良途径。
Potato is produced on all continents except Antarctica and is the world's third most important food crop. Potato production has increased dramatically in developing countries in the past two decades, and has now overtaken that in the developed world, underlining the growing importance of potato as a staple food crop to meet the demands of increasing human populations. Potato is also an important source of starch. It has been adapted for cultivation in a wide range of environments and, with the availability of significant germplasm resources, the potential to further exploit its natural biodiversity is considerable. Potato yields vary considerably across the world, with the lowest being in Sub-Saharan Africa; < 75 % of the global average and < 30 % of the top producing regions. Many factors contribute to this variation, providing targets for improved agronomic practice and a stimulus to improve varieties to increase production in the poorest-yielding countries. The ability to adapt potato to withstand multiple biotic and abiotic stresses is critical to its future growth as a major food source. In current breeding efforts, strong emphasis is being placed on these traits in attempts to better equip the potato crop in a changing climate. The genomics era is accelerating our understanding of the key genes and mechanisms underlying potato development, physiology, water and nutrient use efficiency and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Genomics technologies provide the potential for more rapid, marker-assisted breeding strategies, and afford the opportunity for biotechnological approaches, particularly in the case of major gene resistance to pests and diseases. Continued review of GM policies and regulations, and associated social and political opinions, are needed to guide and determine the safest and most productive routes to potato improvement.