Considerations of Efficiency and Distributive Justice in Multidimensional Poverty Measurement
Considerations of Efficiency and Distributive Justice in Multidimensional Poverty Measurement
复制标题
多维贫困测量中效率与分配正义的思考
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nicole Rippin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nicole Rippin
从十九世纪八十年代开始，阿马蒂亚·森发展了一种新的福利理论：能力方法（Sen，1979；1985；1992；1999；2009）。能力和功能，即人实际上能够做什么和成为什么样的人，取代了传统的收入方法作为分析的主题。能力方法下的贫困是指未能实现追求生活中有理由珍视的任何事物所需的最低限度的核心能力。
能力方法有许多有趣的优点，特别是在衡量贫困时，它在福利经济学领域受到了关注。这一趋势是由这种多维贫困测量方法的实证应用推动的，证据表明它产生的结果与传统收入方法有很大不同（例如Klasen，2000年；Alkire和Santos，2010年；Figari，2012年）。
然而，当前的多维方法存在方法论上的弱点：贫困维度之间的不平等要么被定义为关联敏感性——从而解释了效率，但没有解释分配正义——或者被定义为同时剥夺在整个社会的蔓延——从而解释了分配正义，但没有解释效率。
本论文的前两篇文章致力于克服这种方法论上的弱点。出发点是建议将维度之间的不平等定义为“社会中同时剥夺的关联敏感的传播”。前两篇文章讨论了这个扩展定义在序数和基数贫困指数情况下的操作性。特别是，论文的这一部分为序数和基数情况引入了一个新公理，该公理以贫困维度之间的关系为条件，决定了不平等增加开关增加（或减少）贫困的程度。由此扩展的公理基础被用来分别推导一类新的序数贫困指数和基数贫困指数。这两类是第一类附加贫困指数，能够解释不平等以及关联敏感性。
第三篇文章最后利用德国社会经济小组，在论文第一部分开发的新方法的基础上，提出了德国的两个有序贫困指数：“德国相关敏感贫困指数”和“主观相关敏感贫困指数”。这两个指数与德国官方收入贫困指标“贫困风险率”进行了跨维度、跨地区和跨时间的比较。结果似乎首先表明了一件事：不同指数导致的贫困和贫困趋势评估的显着差异以及能力方法的可操作性所创造的高附加值。
From the nineteen-eighties onwards, Amartya Sen developed a new welfare theory: the capability approach (Sen, 1979; 1985; 1992; 1999; 2009). Capabilities and functionings, i.e. what persons are actually able to do and be, replace the traditional income approach as the subject of analyses. Poverty under the capability approach is the failure to achieve a minimum set of central capabilities needed in order to pursue whatever one has reason to value in life.
The capability approach has so many intriguing advantages, especially when it comes to measuring poverty, that it gains traction within the area of welfare economics. This trend is being fuelled by the empirical applications of this multidimensional approach to poverty measurement which provide evidence that it produces rather different results than the traditional income approach (e.g. Klasen, 2000, Alkire and Santos, 2010, Figari, 2012).
There exists, however, a methodological weakness in the current multidimensional approach: inequality between poverty dimensions is either defined as association-sensitivity – thus accounting for efficiency but not for distributive justice – or as the spread of simultaneous deprivations across society – thus accounting for distributive justice but not for efficiency.
The first two essays of this thesis are dedicated to overcome this methodological weakness. Starting point is the suggestion to define inequality between dimensions as the ‘association-sensitive spread of simultaneous deprivations across society’. The first two essays deal with the operationalisation of this extended definition in the case of ordinal and cardinal poverty indices. In particular, this part of the thesis introduces a new axiom for the ordinal and the cardinal case that conditions the extent to which an inequality increasing switch increases (or decreases) poverty on the relationship between poverty dimensions. The thus extended axiomatic foundation is utilised to derive a new class of ordinal and cardinal poverty indices, respectively. These two classes are the first classes of additive poverty indices that are able to account for inequality as well as association-sensitivity.
The third essay finally uses the German Socio-Economic Panel in order to propose two ordinal poverty indices for Germany that are based on the new method developed in the first part of the thesis: the ‘German Correlation Sensitive Poverty Index’ and the ‘Subjective Correlation Sensitive Poverty Index’. These two indices are compared to the official income poverty measure of Germany, the ‘At-Risk-of-Poverty Rate’, across dimensions, regions and over time. The results seem to indicate one thing above all: the significant differences in the evaluation of poverty and poverty trends induced by the different indices and the high added value that is created through the operationalisation of the capability approach.
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Grimm M;Harttgen K;Klasen S;Misselhorn M;Munzi T;Smeeding T
通讯作者：
Smeeding T