The Chan Hol cave near Tulum (Quintana Roo, Mexico): evidence for long‐lasting human presence during the early to middle Holocene

The Chan Hol cave near Tulum (Quintana Roo, Mexico): evidence for long‐lasting human presence during the early to middle Holocene
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图卢姆附近的 Chan Hol 洞穴(墨西哥金塔纳罗奥州):全新世早期至中期人类长期存在的证据

DOI:
10.1002/jqs.3025
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
Becker
Becker
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hering;Stinnesbeck;Folmeister;Stinnesbeck;Avilés;Aceves Núñez;González González;Terrazas Mata;Benavente;Velázquez Morlet;Becker

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在墨西哥金塔纳罗奥图卢姆附近被淹没的Chan Hol洞穴中发现的大量木炭堆积物,已被14 C测年,显示年龄在8110 ± 2814 C a BP(9122-8999 cal a BP)和7177 ± 2714 C a BP(8027-7951 cal a BP)之间。这些木炭浓度,在这里解释为古代照明网站,提供了强有力的证据表明,Chan Hol洞穴是干燥的,在这段时间内可以进入。在全新世早期和中期,人类使用洞穴至少1200年,直到全球海平面上升和洞穴系统的洪水连续中断。因此,我们的数据缩小了图卢姆地区从晚更新世(距今13000 a)到全新世中期(距今717714 c)的早期定居点与距今约3000 a bp的玛雅形成期之间的差距。然而,迄今为止还没有证据表明人类在7000年至3000年之间的4000年期间定居。这是值得注意的,因为在墨西哥东南部的其他地区(例如恰帕斯州,塔巴斯科州)和危地马拉的定居显然是连续的。
Numerous charcoal accumulations discovered in the submerged Chan Hol cave near Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico, have been14C‐dated revealing ages between 8110 ± 2814C a BP (9122–8999 cal a BP) and 7177 ± 2714C a BP (8027–7951 cal a BP). These charcoal concentrations, interpreted here as ancient illumination sites, provide strong evidence that the Chan Hol cave was dry and accessible during that time interval. Humans used the cave for at least 1200 years during the early and middle Holocene, before access was successively interrupted by global sea level rise and flooding of the cave system. Our data thus narrow the gap between an early settlement in the Tulum area reaching from the late Pleistocene (∼13 000 a) to middle Holocene (e.g. 717714C a BP), and the Maya Formative period at approximately 3000 a bp. Yet, no evidence has been presented to date for human settlement during the ∼4000‐year interval between 7000 and 3000 a. This is remarkable as settlement in other areas of south‐eastern Mexico (e.g. Chiapas, Tabasco) and in Guatemala was apparently continuous.
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