FAKHR AL-DIN AL-RAZI ON GOD'S KNOWLEDGE OF THE PARTICULARS
FAKHR AL-DIN AL-RAZI ON GOD'S KNOWLEDGE OF THE PARTICULARS
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FAKHR AL-DIN AL-RAZI 谈上帝对细节的了解
DOI：
10.1163/1877837292x00051
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Abrahamov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Abrahamov
正统伊斯兰教教导说，上帝知道世俗世界中的每一个存在，无论是事件还是实体，这种知识适用于过去、现在和未来的时代。这一观点在《古兰经》中得到了很好的证明，1根据《古兰经》，上帝甚至知道思想2，因此，没有什么能逃脱他的知识。就像在其他神学问题上一样，穆斯林神学家并不满足于古兰经经文，他们试图证明上帝的知识，特别是他对细节的知识以一种合乎逻辑的方式。需要逻辑证据，因为哲学家们否认上帝对细节的知识，理由是，例如，上帝的本质统一性和简单性与理应分裂他本质的知识相矛盾。神学家通过几次辩论了解到上帝对这些细节的了解。他们从上帝通过他的自由意志创造万物的概念中推断出这一点；上帝必须知道他想要的东西。3他们还从观察到的事物的完美性中收集这种知识；只有知道细节的人才能创造出如此完美、精心设计和有目的的东西。4根据al-Ghazali的说法，上帝的意志和他对此的知识将需要他的存在，每个生物都意识到除了它自己之外的事物，因此上帝知道他自己和其他东西。5 Al-Hilli和al-Iji从他的力量推断出上帝对细节的知识
Orthodox Islam teaches that God knows every existent in the temporal world, be it an event or an entity, and that this knowledge applies to past, present and future times. This idea is well attested in the Qur'an,1 according to which God even knows thoughts.2 Thus, nothing escapes His knowledge. As in other theological issues, the Muslim theologians did not content themselves with Qur'an verses and tried to prove God's knowledge, especially His knowledge of the particulars in a logical way. Logical proofs were needed, since the philosophers denied God's knowledge of the particulars on the ground that, e.g., His essential unity and simplicity contradict a knowledge which supposedly divides His essence. The theologians learned God's knowledge of the particulars through several arguments. They inferred it from the notion that God creates everything through His free will; God must know the objects He willed.3 They also gathered this knowledge from the perfection observed in things; only whoever knows the particulars can create such perfect, well designed and purposeful things.4 According to al-Ghazali, God's will and His knowledge of this will entail His being living, and every living being is conscious of things other than its own self, hence God knows Himself and other things.5 Al-Hilli and al-Iji deduced God's knowledge of the particulars from His power.6