Emotional arousal amplifies the effects of biased competition in the brain
Emotional arousal amplifies the effects of biased competition in the brain
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DOI：
10.1093/scan/nsu015
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Mather, Mara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Tae-Ho;Sakaki, Michiko;Mather, Mara
唤醒-偏向竞争模型预测，唤醒增加了刺激表征之间的神经竞争的收益。因此，该模型预测，唤醒同时增强了对显著刺激的处理，并损害了对相对不显著的刺激的处理。我们用一个简单的点探测任务测试了这个模型。在每个试验中，参与者同时接触到一个面部图像作为显著提示刺激，一个地方图像作为非显著刺激。脸部提示位置周围的边框进一步增加了其自下而上的显着性。在显示这些视觉刺激之前，会播放两种音调中的一种：一种预测电击(唤醒程度越来越高)，另一种则没有。在特定类别的大脑区域(显著面孔的梭形面孔区域和非显著位置的海马旁区域)中的觉醒-显著交互作用表明，与加工显著刺激相关的大脑激活在唤醒时被增强，而与加工非显著刺激相关的激活在唤醒时被抑制。这是第一项功能磁共振成像研究，证明觉醒可以增强对优先顺序刺激的信息处理，同时损害对非优先顺序刺激的处理。因此，它超越了以往的研究，表明唤醒并不是一致地增强知觉处理，而是有选择地以优化对高度突出刺激的注意力的方式这样做。
The arousal-biased competition model predicts that arousal increases the gain on neural competition between stimuli representations. Thus, the model predicts that arousal simultaneously enhances processing of salient stimuli and impairs processing of relatively less-salient stimuli. We tested this model with a simple dot-probe task. On each trial, participants were simultaneously exposed to one face image as a salient cue stimulus and one place image as a non-salient stimulus. A border around the face cue location further increased its bottom-up saliency. Before these visual stimuli were shown, one of two tones played: one that predicted a shock (increasing arousal) or one that did not. An arousal-by-saliency interaction in category-specific brain regions (fusiform face area for salient faces and parahippocampal place area for non-salient places) indicated that brain activation associated with processing the salient stimulus was enhanced under arousal whereas activation associated with processing the non-salient stimulus was suppressed under arousal. This is the first functional magnetic resonance imaging study to demonstrate that arousal can enhance information processing for prioritized stimuli while simultaneously impairing processing of non-prioritized stimuli. Thus, it goes beyond previous research to show that arousal does not uniformly enhance perceptual processing, but instead does so selectively in ways that optimizes attention to highly salient stimuli.