Social inequality in perceived environmental exposures in relation to housing conditions in Germany
Social inequality in perceived environmental exposures in relation to housing conditions in Germany
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2005.09.008
复制
发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Bolte, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kohlhuber, M;Mielck, A;Bolte, G
在德国，到目前为止，很少有人研究社会经济因素对环境暴露和不利住房条件的影响。我们的研究目的是评估德国的社会经济地位是否以及如果是的话，人们对噪音和空气污染的感知暴露是如何影响的。我们使用了大规模人口调查的数据。在这项调查中，以个人为基础收集了感觉暴露于噪音和空气污染以及社会经济状况和住房条件的数据。研究人群由7275名年龄在17-98岁(40%为女性)的成年人组成，每个人代表一个家庭的户主。对于感知环境暴露与社会因素之间的关联，通过二元或有序Logistic回归计算混杂因素调整后的优势比(OR)，可信区间为95%。在双变量分析中，非德国国籍的受试者、东德人、低收入的受访者、教育和职业地位较低的受试者以及居住在恶劣住房条件下的受试者报告高度暴露的可能性更大。在多变量分析中，高感知噪声暴露与低家庭收入相关(OR1.52[95%可信区间1.13-2.05]最低收入组与最高收入组相比)。感知到的空气污染暴露也与家庭收入有关(1.67[1.14-2.44]中低收入组与最高收入组)。更进一步的相关变量是房屋翻新、房屋类型和社区类型的需要。这项研究表明，在德国，与其他工业国家一样，环境暴露的分布不均匀，特别是经济差异发挥了重要作用。(C)2005 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
In Germany the impact of socioeconomic factors on environmental exposures and adverse housing conditions has been rarely studied up to now. The aim of our study was to assess whether and, if yes, how perceived exposure to noise and air pollution is influenced by socioeconomic status in Germany. We used data from a large-scale population-based survey. In this survey, data on perceived exposure to noise and air pollution and on socioeconomic status and housing conditions were collected on an individual basis. The study population consisted of 7275 adults aged 17-98 years (40% women), each representing the head of one household. For the association between perceived environmental exposure and social factors confounder-adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated by binary or ordinal logistic regression. In bivariate analyses subjects with non-German nationality, East Germans, respondents with low income, those with lower educational and occupational status, and subjects living in adverse housing conditions were more likely to report being highly exposed. In multivariate analyses high perceived exposure to noise was associated with low household income (OR 1.52 [95% CI 1.13-2.05] lowest versus highest income group). Perceived air pollution exposure was also related to household income (1.67 [1.14-2.44] lower middle versus highest income group). Further associated variables were need for renovation of the house, type of house, and type of neighborhood. This study shows that in Germany, as in other industrial countries, environmental exposures are distributed unequally and that especially economic differences play important roles. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.