Policy Statement-Child Passenger Safety
Policy Statement-Child Passenger Safety
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.2011-0213
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Weiss, Jeffrey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gardner, H. Garry;Baum, Carl R.;Weiss, Jeffrey
在过去十年中，儿童乘客的安全有了很大的发展;然而，机动车碰撞仍然是4岁及以上儿童死亡的主要原因。本政策声明提供了4个基于证据的建议，以最佳实践选择儿童约束系统，以优化从出生到青春期的儿童在乘用车中的安全性：（1）大多数2岁以下婴儿的后向汽车安全座椅;（2）大多数4岁以下儿童的前向汽车安全座椅;（3）为大多数8岁以下的儿童提供安全带定位的增高座椅;（4）为所有已超过增高座椅的儿童提供腰部和肩部安全带。此外，第五项基于证据的建议是，所有13岁以下的儿童都应乘坐汽车的后座。重要的是要注意，每一个过渡都与保护的减少有关;因此，应鼓励父母尽可能推迟这些过渡。这些建议以算法的形式提出，旨在促进儿科医生向患者和家属实施建议，并应涵盖儿科医生在实践中遇到的大多数情况。美国儿科学会敦促所有儿科医生了解并推广这些建议，作为每次健康监督访问时儿童乘客安全预期指导的一部分。儿科2011;127：788-793
Child passenger safety has dramatically evolved over the past decade; however, motor vehicle crashes continue to be the leading cause of death of children 4 years and older. This policy statement provides 4 evidence-based recommendations for best practices in the choice of a child restraint system to optimize safety in passenger vehicles for children from birth through adolescence: (1) rear-facing car safety seats for most infants up to 2 years of age; (2) forward-facing car safety seats for most children through 4 years of age; (3) belt-positioning booster seats for most children through 8 years of age; and (4) lap-and-shoulder seat belts for all who have outgrown booster seats. In addition, a fifth evidence-based recommendation is for all children younger than 13 years to ride in the rear seats of vehicles. It is important to note that every transition is associated with some decrease in protection; therefore, parents should be encouraged to delay these transitions for as long as possible. These recommendations are presented in the form of an algorithm that is intended to facilitate implementation of the recommendations by pediatricians to their patients and families and should cover most situations that pediatricians will encounter in practice. The American Academy of Pediatrics urges all pediatricians to know and promote these recommendations as part of child passenger safety anticipatory guidance at every health-supervision visit. Pediatrics 2011;127:788-793