Deducing neutron star equation of state from telescope spectra with machine-learning-derived likelihoods

Deducing neutron star equation of state from telescope spectra with machine-learning-derived likelihoods
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利用机器学习推导的似然度从望远镜光谱中推导出中子星状态方程

DOI:
10.1088/1475-7516/2023/12/022
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
6.4
通讯作者:
Weber, Fridolin
Weber, Fridolin
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Farrell, Delaney;Baldi, Pierre;Ott, Jordan;Ghosh, Aishik;Steiner, Andrew W.;Kavitkar, Atharva;Lindblom, Lee;Whiteson, Daniel;Weber, Fridolin

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中子星内部的密度和温度超出了地面实验的极限,为探测核物理提供了重要的实验室。虽然恒星的内部无法直接观察到,但其压力和密度决定了恒星的宏观结构,从而影响望远镜观察到的光谱。观测结果与内部状态之间的关系是复杂且部分难以处理的,给推理带来了困难。以前的工作主要集中在描述内部状态的参数的恒星光谱的回归上。我们演示了对给定观测的内部状态参数的完全似然性的计算,这是通过用在模拟恒星样本上训练的机器学习模型替换棘手的元素来完成的。我们的机器学习衍生的可能性使我们能够对感兴趣的参数进行最大后验估计以及完整扫描。我们通过从单个恒星光谱推断恒星质量和半径以及从一组光谱推断状态参数方程来演示该技术。我们的结果比纯回归模型更精确,在最现实的场景中将参数残差的宽度减少了 11.8%。神经网络将作为快速模拟中子星特性和观测光谱的工具发布。
The interiors of neutron stars reach densities and temperatures beyond the limits of terrestrial experiments, providing vital laboratories for probing nuclear physics. While the star's interior is not directly observable, its pressure and density determine the star's macroscopic structure which affects the spectra observed in telescopes. The relationship between the observations and the internal state is complex and partially intractable, presenting difficulties for inference. Previous work has focused on the regression from stellar spectra of parameters describing the internal state. We demonstrate a calculation of the full likelihood of the internal state parameters given observations, accomplished by replacing intractable elements with machine learning models trained on samples of simulated stars. Our machine-learning-derived likelihood allows us to perform maximum a posteriori estimation of the parameters of interest, as well as full scans. We demonstrate the technique by inferring stellar mass and radius from an individual stellar spectrum, as well as equation of state parameters from a set of spectra. Our results are more precise than pure regression models, reducing the width of the parameter residuals by 11.8% in the most realistic scenario. The neural networks will be released as a tool for fast simulation of neutron star properties and observed spectra.
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