ACQUISITION OF COGNITIVE SKILL
ACQUISITION OF COGNITIVE SKILL
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DOI：
10.1037/0033-295x.89.4.369
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
ANDERSON, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ANDERSON, JR
提出了一个技能获取的框架，包括2个主要阶段的认知技能的发展：（1）一个陈述性阶段，其中有关的技能领域的事实进行解释和（2）程序性阶段，其中领域知识直接体现在执行技能的程序。这个一般框架已经在ACT系统中实例化，其中事实被编码在命题网络中，过程被编码为产生式。知识编译是技能从陈述性阶段过渡到程序性阶段的过程。它由合成和程序化两个子过程组成，合成将一系列的产品分解成单个产品，程序化将事实知识嵌入产品中。一旦程序化，进一步的学习过程对技能起作用，使产品在其应用范围内更具选择性。这些过程包括概括、区分和加强产生式。与以前的学习理论中的类似概念进行了比较。讨论了这些学习机制如何应用于产生幂律加速比的处理时间与实践。(62参考）（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
Proposes a framework for skill acquisition that includes 2 major stages in the development of a cognitive skill:(1) a declarative stage in which facts about the skill domain are interpreted and (2) a procedural stage in which the domain knowledge is directly embodied in procedures for performing the skill. This general framework has been instantiated in the ACT system in which facts are encoded in a propositional network and procedures are encoded as productions. Knowledge compilation is the process by which the skill transits from the declarative stage to the procedural stage. It consists of the subprocesses of composition, which collapses sequences of productions into single productions, and proceduralization, which embeds factual knowledge into productions. Once proceduralized, further learning processes operate on the skill to make the productions more selective in their range of applications. These processes include generalization, discrimination, and strengthening of productions. Comparisons are made to similar concepts from previous learning theories. How these learning mechanisms apply to produce the power law speedup in processing time with practice is discussed.(62 ref)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)