Gender Gap, Capital Accumulation and the Demographic Transition
Gender Gap, Capital Accumulation and the Demographic Transition
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/ecot.12126
复制
发表时间：
2017-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kai Guo;Jingwen Yu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kai Guo;Jingwen Yu
本文着重解释了人口结构的转变以及与之相关的一些主要模式，并提出了一个内生增长模型，该模型将家庭中的利他主义和儿子偏好以及劳动力市场中的性别工资差距和性别工资歧视纳入其中。我们发现，随着物质资本和人力资本的积累，脑力劳动的产出份额增加，性别工资差距缩小。在经济发展的初期阶段，性别歧视变得普遍，资本积累的替代效应提高了养育子女的成本，收入效应占主导地位，因此人口增长率随着收入的增加而增加。当性别工资歧视的程度开始下降时，抚养子女的成本增加，促使家庭对子女的人力资本进行更多投资，人口增长率福尔斯下降。定量分析表明，性别工资歧视确实是人口转变的一个重要因素。
This paper focuses on explaining the demographic transition and some of the broad patterns that are associated with it. We present an endogenous growth model that incorporates altruism and son preference within the family as well as gender wage gap and gender wage discrimination in the labour market. We show that with the accumulation of physical capital and human capital, the output share of mental labour increases and the gender wage gap narrows. In the early stages of economic development, gender discrimination is becoming prevalent and the substitution effect of capital accumulation, which raises the cost of child rearing, is dominated by the income effect, so the growth rate of population increases with income. When the degree of gender wage discrimination starts to decline, the increased cost of child rearing induces families to invest more in the human capital of children and the growth rate of the population falls. The quantitative analysis shows that gender wage discrimination is indeed an important contributor to the demographic transition.