Variance, locality and structure: Three experimental challenges in the study of the response of soil microbial communities to multiple perturbations
Variance, locality and structure: Three experimental challenges in the study of the response of soil microbial communities to multiple perturbations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pedobi.2021.150741
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发表时间：
2021-05-25
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Bardgett, Richard D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caruso, Tancredi;Bardgett, Richard D.
人们越来越有兴趣了解土壤微生物群落如何应对与全球变化相关的扰动。目前现有的大部分知识都是基于受控实验室实验、大规模调查和操作性研究，其中在一系列条件下应用一种扰动，例如干旱。到目前为止，重点一直放在实验单元的空间复制和土壤微生物群落结构变化的量化及其与气体通量等生态系统水平变量的相关性上。但微生物群落自然会随着时间的推移而波动，它们对扰动的反应是暂时的，并且它们通常会同时和/或以不同的顺序经历多种扰动，例如干旱与洪水事件交替出现。此外，土壤微生物群落响应扰动的变化可能不能直接反映微生物群落功能的整体表达。在这里，我们确定了三个实验挑战，我们称之为方差、局部性和结构挑战。我们简要综合了围绕这三个挑战的最新技术，以就生态学家在测量扰动对土壤微生物群落在时间和空间上的结构和功能的影响时面临的许多实验问题展开讨论。我们提出了实验、采样和建模策略，可以帮助解决本文讨论的实验挑战。
There is an increasing interest in understanding how soil microbial communities respond to perturbations associated with global change. Much of the currently available knowledge is based on controlled laboratory experiments, large scale surveys and manipulative studies in which one perturbation, for example drought, is applied under a range of conditions. Until now, emphasis has been on spatial replication of experimental units and the quantification of variation in soil microbial community structure, and its correlation to ecosystem-level variables such as gas fluxes. But microbial communities naturally fluctuate over time, their response to perturbations is temporal, and they generally experience multiple perturbations simultaneously and/or in a variable sequence, such as spells of drought alternating with flooding events. Furthermore, variation in the soil microbial community in response to perturbations may not directly reflect the overall expression of functions of a microbial community. Here, we identify three experimental challenges that we refer to as the variance, locality and structure challenge. We briefly synthesise the state of the art around these three challenges to open a discussion on the many experimental issues ecologists face when measuring the effects of perturbations on the structure and functions of soil microbial communities in time and space. We propose experimental, sampling and modelling strategies that can help resolve the experimental challenges discussed in this paper.