Snow depth mapping in high-alpine catchments using digital photogrammetry
Snow depth mapping in high-alpine catchments using digital photogrammetry
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DOI：
10.5194/tc-9-229-2015
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Ginzler, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buehler, Y.;Marty, M.;Ginzler, C.
关于雪深及其空间分布的信息对于雪和雪崩研究以及水文学和生态学的许多应用至关重要。今天，雪深分布通常使用自动气象站和观测员在现场进行的点测量结合插值算法进行估计。然而，这些方法是无法捕捉的高空间变异性的积雪深度分布存在于高山地形。利用激光扫描已经成功地进行了连续和精确的雪深测绘，但这种方法只能覆盖有限的区域，而且价格昂贵。我们使用机载ADS 80光电扫描仪，获取立体图像与0.25米的空间分辨率，以获得数字表面模型（DSM）的冬季和夏季地形附近的达沃斯，瑞士。的DSM使用摄影测量图像相关技术的基础上产生的多光谱天底和后视传感器数据。为了评估摄影测量产品的准确性，我们将这些产品与同时获得的下列独立数据集进行比较：（a）人工测量的雪深图;（B）差分全球导航卫星系统点;（c）地面激光扫描;（d）探地雷达数据集。我们证明，所提出的方法可以用来映射雪深在2米的分辨率与垂直深度精度为+/- 30厘米（均方根误差）在复杂的地形的阿尔卑斯山。与整个试验场2.2米的平均积雪深度相比，所提供的积雪深度图的平均准确度高于15%。
Information on snow depth and its spatial distribution is crucial for numerous applications in snow and avalanche research as well as in hydrology and ecology. Today, snow depth distributions are usually estimated using point measurements performed by automated weather stations and observers in the field combined with interpolation algorithms. However, these methodologies are not able to capture the high spatial variability of the snow depth distribution present in alpine terrain. Continuous and accurate snow depth mapping has been successfully performed using laser scanning but this method can only cover limited areas and is expensive. We use the airborne ADS80 optoelectronic scanner, acquiring stereo imagery with 0.25m spatial resolution to derive digital surface models (DSMs) of winter and summer terrains in the neighborhood of Davos, Switzerland. The DSMs are generated using photogrammetric image correlation techniques based on the multispectral nadir and backward-looking sensor data. In order to assess the accuracy of the photogrammetric products, we compare these products with the following independent data sets acquired simultaneously: (a) manually measured snow depth plots; (b) differential Global Navigation Satellite System (dGNSS) points; (c) terrestrial laser scanning (TLS); and (d) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data sets. We demonstrate that the method presented can be used to map snow depth at 2m resolution with a vertical depth accuracy of +/- 30 cm (root mean square error) in the complex topography of the Alps. The snow depth maps presented have an average accuracy that is better than 15% compared to the average snow depth of 2.2m over the entire test site.