UNDERSTANDING THE INTENTIONS OF OTHERS - REENACTMENT OF INTENDED ACTS BY 18-MONTH-OLD CHILDREN
UNDERSTANDING THE INTENTIONS OF OTHERS - REENACTMENT OF INTENDED ACTS BY 18-MONTH-OLD CHILDREN
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DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.31.5.838
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发表时间：
1995-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
MELTZOFF, AN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MELTZOFF, AN
调查的是孩子们是否会重新制定一个成年人实际上做了什么或成年人打算做什么。在实验1中，孩子们看到一个成年人试图执行某些目标行为，但失败了。因此，没有观察到已完成的目标行为。对照组的儿童要么看到完整的目标行为，要么看到适当的控制。结果表明，儿童可以通过观看失败的尝试来推断成人的意图。实验2测试了儿童对一个无生命物体的理解，这个物体追踪的动作与人所跟随的动作相同。孩子们对机械装置的反应与对人的反应完全不同：在这种情况下，他们没有产生目标行为。18个月奥尔兹的婴儿在一个心理框架内对人进行识别，这个框架区分了人的表面行为和涉及目标和意图的更深层次的行为。他们已经采用了民间心理学的一个基本方面，即在一个涉及目标和意图的框架内理解人（而不是无生命的物体）。
Investigated was whether children would re-enact what an adult actually did or what the adult intended to do. In Experiment 1 children were shown an adult who tried, but failed, to perform certain target acts. Completed target acts were thus not observed. Children in comparison groups either saw the full target act or appropriate controls. Results showed that children could infer the adult's intended act by watching the failed attempts. Experiment 2 tested children's understanding of an inanimate object that traced the same movements as the person had followed. Children showed a completely different reaction to the mechanical device than to the person: They did not produce the target acts in this case. Eighteen-month-olds situate people within a psychological framework that differentiates between the surface behavior of people and a deeper level involving goals and intentions. They have already adopted a fundamental aspect of folk psychology-persons (but not inanimate objects) are understood within a framework involving goals and intentions.